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Boards pt1 > Nucleotides and nucleic acids > Flashcards

Nucleotides and nucleic acids Flashcards

1
Q

nucleotides are bonded together to create what

A

nucleic acids DNA and RNA

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2
Q

how many components do nucleotides have?

A

three

  1. phosphate
  2. sugar
  3. nitrogenous base
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3
Q

what sugar does DNA have

A

deoxyribose

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4
Q

what sugar does RNA have

A

ribose

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5
Q

what are the purines?

A

adenine and guanine

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6
Q

what are they pyrimidines

A

uracil (RNA), thymine (DNA) and cytosine

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7
Q

what synthesizes nucleic acid

A

ribose

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8
Q

what is it called when a phosphate group is removed

A

nucleoside

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9
Q

dna structure

A

double stranded alpha helix

2 strands run antiparallel

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10
Q

dna bonds where nucleotides are within one strand

A

phosphodiester bond (strong)

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11
Q

dna bond where there are base pairs between complimentary strands

A

hydrogen bonds (weak)

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12
Q

adenine pairs with what in dna

A

thymine

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13
Q

guanine pairs with what in dna

A

cytosine

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14
Q

what enzyme is in dna

A

Dnase

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15
Q

degradation products of pyrimidines

A

beta alanine

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16
Q

degradation of purines

A

uric acid

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17
Q

degradation of amino

A

urea

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18
Q

when pyrimidine is attached to the first ribose 5 phosphate

A

orotate

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19
Q

increased uric acid leads to inflammation and arthritis of bone is called

A

gout

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20
Q

how is ribose activated

A

ribose 5 phosphate + ATP = PRPP + AMP

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21
Q

where does replication and transcription happen

A

5’-3’

22
Q

dna replication aka

A

synthesis, “s” phase

23
Q

where dna replication occurs

A

nucleus

24
Q

dna doubling is

A

46 chromosomes –> 92 chromosomes

25
Q

what is the enzyme that unwinds dna strands

A

topoisomerase (helicase)

26
Q

enzyme that makes new dna from parent dna strand that acts as a template

A

dna polymerase

27
Q

what does mitosis do

A

split 92 chromosomes into two 46 chromosome daughter dna

28
Q

location of transcription

A

nucleolus

29
Q

what is the specificity of transcription

A

only segment of dna with specific region to be transcribe unwineds

30
Q

enzyme in transcription

A

rna polymerase

31
Q

what does rna polymerase do

A

binds to promoter site, make rna primer strand from dna template

32
Q

how many bases at a time is dna template read and what is it called

A

3 bases at a time

code

33
Q

process of termination sequence in transcription

A

polymerase and rna primer strand fall off dna

rewinds itself

34
Q

where does rna leave and go to

A

nucleus to the cytoplasm

35
Q

what are the rna properties

A

messenger rna
ribosomal rna
transfer rna

36
Q

what does mrna do

A

holds info to determine aa sequence

37
Q

what does rrna do

A

moves along mrna

38
Q

what does trna do

A

jumps on and off rrna carrying aa with it

39
Q

translation is what

A

protein synthesis

40
Q

what does mrna do in translation

A

binds to ribosome before translation can occur

41
Q

what are the codon in translation

A

3 bases of nucleotides in the mrna chain to code for aa

42
Q

what is the anticodon in translation

A

trna

has 3 bases that is complementary to specific codon

43
Q

what does adenine pair with in rna

A

uracil

44
Q

guanine pairs with what in rna

A

cytosine and rna

45
Q

what do trna anticodons bind to

A

mrna codon

brings aa to ribosome

46
Q

what does aa on trna do

A

forms peptide bond with aa on the trna

47
Q

what enzyme responsible for aa bond with trna

A

peptidyl transferase

48
Q

trna does what in translation

A

goes to ribosome to get another aa

49
Q

what attaches aa to trna

A

aminoacyl-trna synthase

50
Q

what are the start codons

A

AUG

51
Q

what are the 3 stop codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

Boards pt1 (28 decks)

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