Nucleotides / DNA Flashcards
Shape of DNA
Double helix
Why is DNA a polymer
It is made from lots of repeating nucleotides (monomers) joined together by a phosphodiester bond
What are the 4 bases (paired) in DNA
Thymine - Adenine
Guanine - cytosine
How are bases held together in DNA
Between base pairs there are hydrogen bonds
Which bond pair has more hydrogen bonds
Guanine and cytosine which makes a DNA molecule more stable and strong the more of these pairs it has
What are nucleotides
Biological macromolecules containing oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen , carbon and phosphorus
What are the two types of nucleotides
ribonucleotides - form FNA
deoxyribonucleotides - form DNA
Nucleotide structure
Phosphate group attached to a pentose sugar by a phosphodiester bond and then the pentose sugar is attached to a base by a glycosidic bond
Difference between RNA and DNA
RNA - Thymine base is replaced with uracil (U)
Single stranded instead of double
Instead of having deoxyribose as the pentose sugar is has ribose
What is the backbone of DNA made of
Phosphate and sugar
(Sugar phosphate backbone)
Gene
Short section of DNA that codes for specific protein
Which is on the outside for the DNA structure
the sugar phosphate backbone is on the outside and the bases are in the inside
