Lung diseases Flashcards
Lung diseases
Tuberculosis
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Asthma
Emphysema
Tuberculosis cause
Caused by a bacteria droplet inhaled by a droplet infection. The bacteria remain alive but dormant. The macrophages build a wall around the bacteria in the alveoli forming small hard lumps called tubercules.
Eventually the infected tissue dies damaging the alveoli.
Tuberculosis effects
Damaged alveoli have smaller SA
Thicker scar tissue so diffusion pathway is longer
Elasticity is reduced so lungs cannot expand and hold as much air as normal
Tidal volume = decreased
Ventilation rate = increased
Tuberculosis symptoms
Persistent cough, shortness of breath
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) disease/cause
Formation of scar tissue in the lungs after an infection or breathing in substances like abestos
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) effects
Scar tissue is thicker so diffusion pathway is longer
Elasticity is reduced so lungs cannot expand and hold as much air as normal
Tidal volume = decreased
Ventilation rate = increased
Symptons : Dry cough, Shortness of breath, Chest pain
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) symptons
Dry cough, shortness of breath, chest pain and fatigue
Asthma disease/cause
Airways become inflamed due to an allergic reaction to inhaled substances such as pollen or dust . Smooth muscle lining the bronchioles contracts and lots of mucus is produced
Asthma effects
Airway constrict severely reducing air flow in and out of the lungs so less oxygen diffuses into blood
FEV1 = Severely reduced
Asthma symptons
Wheezing, tight chest, shortness of breath
Emphysema disease/cause
Caused by foreign particles (from smoking or long term exposure to air pollution) being trapped in the alveoli. This causes inflammation, phagocytes arrive and they produce an enzyme which breaks down the elastin in the walls of the alveoli
Emphysema effects
Damaged alveoli decrease SA
Loss of elastin in alveoli means they cant recoil air as well and less air is expelled
Emphysema symptons
Shortness of breath and wheezing
