Active transport

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

Movement of molecules / ions into or out of a cell from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from ATP and carrier proteins.

Question 2

Process of active transport through a membrane

Answer 2

Polar molecule binds to the site of the carrier protein. ATP binds to atp binding site and is hydrolysed . This hydrolysis reaction forms ADP + pi and the pi ion stays binded. This reaction gives enough energy to change the shape of the carrier protein to allow the polar molecule / ion to pass through

Question 3

Anti-port

Answer 3

opposite direction

Question 4

Co-transport

Answer 4

Two molecules / ions moving across a membrane at the same time using a carrier protein

Question 5

Process of co transport

Answer 5

First Molecule binds to first molecule binding site on carrier protein. ATP binds to atp binding site and becomes hydrolysed. This forms ADP + pi. The pi ion stays binded to the ATP binding site and the ADP releases. This reaction causes the carrier protein to change shape and allows the first molecule to pass through the membrane. After the first molecule is released the second molecule binding site is exposed. The second molecule binds to the site. The pi ion is released and the carrier protein changes shape back . The changing of shape gives enough energy for the second molecule to pass through the membrane against the concentration gradient

Question 6

Key active co transport sodium potassium pump

Answer 6

There is a sodium and potassium pump between the blood and epithelial cell illeum. After eating there is a lot of sodium and glucose molecules / jons in the illeum lumen . And these are transferred to the epithelial cell ileum by facilitated diffusion in a co-transport carrier protein. The sodium is then pumped into the blood again in the sodium pump and the glucose is pumped into the blood by the carrier protein between epithelial cell and blood