Biology cell structures eukaryotic

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Large organelle surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane called nuclear envelope . Contains chromosomes that are made from linear DNA associated with proteins

Question 2

Nuclear envelope

Answer 2

Contains pores which allows large molecules to pass through

Question 3

Nucleoplasm

Answer 3

Jelly-material that fills the nucleus

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Produces rRNA to construct ribosomes

Question 5

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 5

Consists of a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs that are often surrounded by smaller vesticles (Golgi vesicles) . It receives protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and carbohydrates and lipids from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding carbohydrates or lipid groups to protein.

Question 6

Golgi vesicle

Answer 6

Where the modified proteins, carbs and lipids are labelled and sorted in . They are pinched off the end of the golgi and can be transported to content around the cell and sometimes fuse with cell membrane releasing the contents outside of the cell .

Question 7

Lysosome

Answer 7

Vesicle formed with a digestive enzyme .
They hydrolyse and digest worn out organelles and other material to recycle

Question 8

Ribosomes

Answer 8

Size : 80S
They are located at the rough ER or they can be floating free in the cytoplasm
They perform protein synthesis

Question 9

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

Sheet like membrane with tubes call cristae. The surface of the cristae is covered in ribosomes which provides a large surface area for protein synthesis. Proteins that are required in other organelles like lysosome are made here. Many of these proteins have carbohydrates groups added to them in the Golgi Apparatus

Question 10

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

No ribosomes located here so instead of proteins being synthesised it is Lipids carbohydrates which are synthesised, stored and transported.

Question 11

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

No ribosomes located here so instead of proteins being synthesised it is Lipids carbohydrates which are synthesised, stored and transported.

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Rod shaped with a double outer membrane. In the folded inner membrane (matrix) it has folds called cristae and the mitochondria’s job is to produce ATP through aerobic respiration. Within the matrix it contains proteins, enzymes, lipids, ribosomes and DNA. Cristae increase surface area for attachment of enzymes

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Rod shaped with a double outer membrane. In the folded inner membrane (matrix) it has folds called cristae and the mitochondria’s job is to produce ATP through aerobic respiration

Question 14

Chloroplast ( PLANT )

Answer 14

Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis surrounded by a double membrane. In the inner membrane it has disc and each disc is called a thylakoid and a stack of discs is called grana. Chloroplast also contain stroma which stores energy / ATP (starch)

Question 15

Cell wall ( PLANT )

Answer 15

The cell wall strengthens the cell and gives it shape and it is made from polysaccharide AKA cellulose . However it is made from different stuff in other cells
Prokaryotic cell wall - Made from Murein
Fungal cell wall - Made from Chitin
It also has a middle lamella which sticks cells together

Question 16

Vacuole ( PLANT )

Answer 16

Single membrane
Inside the vacuole is mineral salts , sugar , amino acids , wastes and other stuff
The sugar and amino acids act as a temporary food store
It also has pigments to attract insects