DNA (Eukaryotics and prokaryotics)

Question 1

Prokaryotic DNA

Answer 1

No nucleus
Nucleoid DNA
Single loop of DNA
Short and circular
May contain plasmids
Non-linear
Antibiotic resistance
Virulence
Not associated with proteins (histones)

Question 2

Eukaryotic DNA

Answer 2

DNA arranged into long and linear chromosones
DNA associated with histone proteins condensed into chromatin
Compact
Sex chromosomes and actosomes
Can be found in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 3

DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Answer 3

Short
Circular
Not associated with proteins
Similar to prokaryotic DNA
Chloroplast DNA = mtDNA
Mitochondria DNA = cpDNA

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

Alternative form of gene

Question 5

Chromosone structure

Answer 5

One maternal one paternal
Same genes but potentially different alleles

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

A base sequence of DNA that codes for the amino acid sequence of a whole polypeptide chain and function RNA which is crucial in protein synthesis

Question 7

Homozygous alleles

Answer 7

The same alleles
e.g F F

Question 8

Heterozygous alleles

Answer 8

Different alleles
e.g D d

Question 9

Gene loci

Answer 9

Genes are always found at the same locus .
The same gene occupies a fixed position on a particular DNA molecule.
Loci named by chromosomal number, arm, region , band and sub-band