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Bacteriology/Mycology > Mycology Introduction > Flashcards

Mycology Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

How many species of fungi exist? How many have been described?

A

1.5 million species, > 80,000 species described

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2
Q

How many species of fungi are considered to be pathogenic to humans and animals?

A

400 species pathogenic for humans and animals

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3
Q

Are Fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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4
Q

Fungi are non-___________, ______trophs, produce _____enzymes, and obtain nutrients by ________.

A

photosynthetic, hetero, exo, absorption

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5
Q

What is fungal classification based on ?

A

Morphology, physiology, the presence of
macromolecules and sexual mating.

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6
Q

The form of a fungal species during its sexual reproductive life cycle is termed ______________. Its asexual form is referred as _________.

A

teleomorph, anamorph

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7
Q

Fungi reproduction by _____ formation may be either _____ or ______.

A

spore, sexual, asexual

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8
Q

What is the term for fungi that lack a meiotic stage ?

A

Mitosporic fungi.

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9
Q

Fungal species may be ?

A

saprophytic, parasitic or mutualistic.

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10
Q

Fungi are _______ distributed in the environment.

A

widely

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11
Q

Fungi cell walls contain?

A

Chitin and other polysaccharides

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12
Q

What are the two major forms of fungi?

A

Branching hyphae and unicellular yeasts.

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13
Q

Fungi grow ________ at 25 degrees celsius . Some moulds are _________ ________.

A

aerobically, strict aerobes

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14
Q

Fungi tolerate ______ osmotic pressures and _____ pH values. Grow on _________ _________ agar, pH ____.

A

high, low, Sabouraud, dextrose, 5.5

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15
Q

Fungi are resistant to ________ drugs which are effective against bacteria.

A

antimicrobial

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16
Q

The majority of fungi are _________, some cause _________ infections.

A

saphrophytes, opportunistic

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17
Q

Dermatophytes are pathogens that cause ____________ in animals and humans.

A

ringworm

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18
Q

Name the three Fungal phyla that are of veterinary importance.

A

Fungi of veterinary importance are found in the three phyla: Ascomycota , Basidiomycota and Zygomycota

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19
Q

The two main morphological fungal forms of fungi are _______ and ______.

A

moulds, yeasts

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20
Q

Moulds grow as __________ filaments called ______ (A), whereas the unicellular yeasts have an ______ or _____ appearance (B)

A

branching, hyphae, oval, spherical

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21
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

The two main morphological fungal forms are moulds and yeasts.
Moulds grow as branching filaments called hyphae (A), whereas the
unicellular yeasts have an oval or spherical appearance (B)

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22
Q

Dimorphic fungi occur in both ______ and _______ forms

A

mould, yeast

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23
Q

Fungi such as Candida albicans , which produce forms additional to
the two major forms, are described as _________.

A

polymorphic

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24
Q

Hyphal cell walls, are mainly composed of __________ components including chitin macromolecules with _________ cross - linkages.

In yeasts, cell walls contain _____ complexed with ______ and, in some species, a range of ______ compounds. In the bilayered cell
membrane contains ________.

A

carbohydrate, cellulose, protein, polysaccharides, lipid, cholesterol

25
Q

Both moulds and yeasts have ______ with well defined nuclear ________, _____________ and networks of _____________.

A

nuclei, membranes, mitochondria, microtubules

26
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A

Stages in the germination of a fungal spore leading
to the development of a branched hyphae.

27
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A

Septate hyphae

28
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A

Aseptate hyphae

29
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
30
Q

Describe the growth, reproduction, and colonial formation of Fungi.

A
31
Q

Label the image below accordingly

A
32
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
33
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
34
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
35
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
36
Q

What can be seen in the image below?x

A
37
Q

What can be seen in the image below?

A
38
Q

Describe the textures seen below.

A
39
Q

How would you describe these three fungal topography?

A
40
Q

How would you describe the diagnostic structures of these fungi?

A
41
Q

List the Factors which may predispose to fungal invasion of tissues.

A
  • Immunosuppression
  • Prolonged antibiotic therapy
  • Immunological defects
  • Immaturity, ageing and malnutrition
  • Exposure to heavy challenge of fungal spores
  • Traumatized tissues
  • Persistent moisture on skin surface
  • Some neoplastic conditions
42
Q

List the mechanisms involved in fungal diseases.

A
  • Tissue invasion (mycosis)
  • Toxin production (mycotoxicosis)
  • Induction of hypersensitivity
43
Q

Where would you typically find lesions in an animal suffering from Superficial mycoses?
What is this classified as?

A
44
Q

Where would you typically find lesions in an animal suffering from subcutaneous mycoses?
What is this classified as?

A
45
Q

Where would you typically find lesions in an animal suffering from systemic mycoses?
What is this classified as?

A
46
Q

How do you diagnose fungal infections?

A
  • Clinical signs and history of the disease
  • Samples: hair, skin, biopsies (Periodic acid-Schiff, methanamine silver impregnation)
  • Direct microscope observation –> wet preparation (10% KOH)
    Spore –> lactophenol cotton blue
  • Mycological culture –> Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)27-37°C
47
Q
A
48
Q

Adiaspores are spores that ________ in size without replication.

A

increase

49
Q

Aerial hyphae are _____ the agar surface. They often produce _____ structures.

A

above, fruiting

50
Q

Anamorph fungi are an ________ form of fungus.

A

asexual

51
Q

Anthropophilic describes fungi that usually infect?

A

Humans only

52
Q

Apical fungi are located at the ______ of a pointed extremity.

A

tip

53
Q

Arthrospore (arthroconidium) is an _____ spore formed by the fragmentation of a hypha. The resulting spores can be ?

A

asexual, rectangular, barrel-shaped, or can become rounded.

54
Q

Asocarp is a ______ sac within which are formed _____ and ______ of the ascomycetes.

A

mycelial, asci, ascospores

55
Q

Ascospores are the ______ spores of the ascomycetes, which develop in a sac-like structure termed an _____.

A

sexual, ascus

56
Q
A
57
Q
A
58
Q
A
59
Q
A

Bacteriology/Mycology (40 decks)

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