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Bacteriology/Mycology > Edwardsiella Aeromonas Plesiomonas Vibrio > Flashcards

Edwardsiella Aeromonas Plesiomonas Vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

Edwardsiella and Plesiomonas share some characteristics with _______ since in same family.

A

E.coli

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2
Q

E. tarda infects which species?

A

Humans

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3
Q

P. shigelloides infects which species?

A

Humans

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4
Q

A. hydrophila infects which species?

A

Humans

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5
Q

Vibrio cholera infects which species?

A

Humans

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6
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus infects which species?

A

Humans

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7
Q

Vibrio metschenkovii infects which species?

A

Poultry

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8
Q

Edwardsiella tarda is a ______ anaerobic, Gram- _______ ____.

A

facultative, negative, rod

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9
Q

Edwardsiella tarda
a member of the __________ family

A

Enterobacteriacae

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10
Q

Edwardsiella tarda is a _______ by ______ flagella

A

motile, peritrichous (meaning multiple flagella are spread over the entire surface of the bacteria).

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11
Q

Edwardsiella tards is ubiquitous in ____ and _____ environments

A

terrestrial, aquatic as well as in fish.

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12
Q

Edwardsiella tarda is an _________ pathogen (_________)

A

opportunistic , Edwardsiellosis (disease that affects fish)

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13
Q

Edwardsiella has ______ potential

A

zoonotic (humans can get infected with Eswardsiella tarda - via contaminated water or seafood).

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14
Q

Edwardsiella ______ and ______ infections

A

foodborne, waterborne

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Attachment

A
  1. Flagella
  2. LPS
  3. Fimbriae
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17
Q

Toxins Secreted

A
  1. Hemolysin
  2. Proteinase
  3. T3SS
  4. T6SS
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18
Q

Evade host immune response via
1. Serum resistance
2. Capsule (anti-phagocytic and inhibit complement systems).

A
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19
Q

Form biofilm by

A
  1. Quorum sensing (release signal molecules to increase bacterial population density and increase virulence.)
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20
Q
A

E. tarda is an intracellular pathogen
Human epithelium cells exposed to E. tarda
1. Bind host cells
2. Vacuole of cytopasm
3. Multiple bactera present in cytooplasm =- IC rep
4. PM=lasma membrane destroyed and bacteria escape form cell

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21
Q

What are the causative agents of Edwardsiellosis in fish? Name the breeds of fish that are affected by each strain.

A

Causative agents
1. E. tarda/E. piscicida (flounder)
2. E. ictaluri (channel catfish, tilapia)
3. E. anguillarum (eel)

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of Edwaardsiellosis in fish?

A

 Symptoms
 Granuloma in multiple organs
 Ascites
 Skin ulceration

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23
Q
A

Edardsiellosis

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24
Q
A

Ascites

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25
Q
A
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26
Q

What is the causative agent of Edwardsiellosis in humans?

A

The causative agent is E. tardaPrimarily isolated from intestines after eating infected fish

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27
Q

What are the symptoms of Edardsiellosis in humans?

A
  1. Gastroenteritis (diarrhea)
  2. Bacteremia/Septicemia
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28
Q
A

Tilapia and catfish (arkansas, missipi, louisiana, texas) –> E. tarda exposure

Mostly prevalent in Japan because they consume a relatively large amount of raw seafood.

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29
Q

A 4-year-old postpartum Holstein
cow with acute diarrhea

A
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30
Q

What can be seen on necropsy in a cow that tested for Typhlocolitis by E. tarda?

A
  • Greenish fluid
  • Fecal material
  • Deposition of fibrin
  • Ruptures in the cecum
  • Petechiae in the colon
  • Necrosis in the cecum
  • Necrosis in the colon
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31
Q

You see this on necropsy and suspect that your patient may be posiitve for Typhlocolitis by E. tarda. How do you test to confirm this?

A
  1. Tissue collection from Small and Large intestine
  2. Bacterial culture
  3. McConkey Agar, Deoxy Citrate, Yersinia (negative for last two).

Suspect E.tarda contaminated water and cow developed disease b/c immunocompromised (pregnant). Rare in cows, but still possible.

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32
Q
A

Typhlocolitis by E. tarda in a cow

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33
Q

In order to diagnose and identify Edwardsiella tarda bacteria, you must
1. ______ and _____ the bacteria:
incubated at ___-___°C for __ to __ days
- Blood agar: _____
- MacConkey agar: ___, _____
- Brilliant green agar: ____ _____
- XLD agar:
_____/____ center
- Biochemical tests: (2)
- Serological tests:
______ test, ____

A

Isolate, identify, 30-35, 2, 4, hemolytic, pale, colorless, No growth, Reddish/black, oxidase (-), catalase (+), Agglutination, ELISA

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34
Q
A

Edwardsiella tarda

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35
Q
A

Agglutination test
Edwardsiella tarda

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36
Q
A
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37
Q

How would you treat Edwardsiella tarda in fish?

A

Antibiotic therapy
- Oxytetracycline

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38
Q

How would you control Edwardsiella tarda in fish?

A

Control
- Quarantine (remove fish immediately)
- Water quality (high temp, low O2, high organic matter and ammonia –> stress fish –> monitor water quality DAILY).

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39
Q

How would you treat Edwardsiella tarda in humans?

A
  1. Natural cure (spontaenousl)
  2. Antibiotic therapy (in severe cases)
    - Amoxicillin, Aminoglycosides,
    Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole,
    Cephalosporins, Quinolones
  3. Debridement (surgical intervention in severe cases)
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40
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides
is a Gram- _______, ______ anaerobic ____.

A

negative, facultative, rod

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41
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is the ____ species member in the genus.

A

only

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42
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is the only oxidase-_______ member of Enterobacteriaceae.

A

positive

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43
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is motile by ____ and _____ flagella

A

polar, lateral

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44
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is found in ____ _____.

A

fresh water

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45
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides has a ____ range of hosts, but is limited to _____ and ______ regions.

A

wide, tropical, subtropical

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46
Q

Plesiomonas shigelloides is an _______ pathogen of fish and reptiles and has _______ potential

A

opportunistic, zoonotic

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47
Q
A

Plesiomonas shigelloides
In liquid medium

48
Q
A

Plesiomonas shigelloides in solid medium

49
Q

The source of infection of Plesiomonas shigelloides in humans is via ______ of contaminated ____ and _____ as well as contact with _____ animals. Occurs after 2-5 days post- consumption.

A

ingestion, water, seafood, infected

50
Q

The virulence factors of Plesiomonas shigelloides are?

A
  1. Enterotoxins
  2. LPS
  3. Hemolysin
  4. Iron acquisition system

Pathogenesis is unknown; all we know are the virulence factors.

51
Q

The symptoms of Plesiomonas shigelloides are?

A
  1. Gastroenteritis (watery diarrhea)
  2. Bacteremia/Septicemia (uncommon)
52
Q
A

P. shigelloides is not considered a critical pathogen.
Swollen abdomen pictured.

53
Q

On necropsy of sick wolf, they found…

A
  • Hemorrhagic congestion
  • Hemorrhagic ascites
54
Q

On necropsy of sick wolf, they found…

A
  • Decolorization of the liver
55
Q

On necropsy of sick wolf, they found…

A

Air bubbles in the stomach

56
Q

On necropsy of sick wolf, they found…

A

Splenomegaly

57
Q

On necropsy of sick wolf, they found…

A

Rod-shaped bacteria were found in the liver
parenchyma and hemorrhagic ascites

58
Q
A

Rod-shaped bacteria were found in the liver
parenchyma and hemorrhagic ascites

P. shigelloides was the DX.
Primary cause: food contamination and stress. Wolf hid chicken in the ground and ate it later.

59
Q

Systemic gastrointestinal infection (septicemia)
caused by _____________ __________ in a zoo animal

A

Plesiomonas shigelloides

60
Q

In order to diagnose Plesiomonas shigelloides, you need to isolate and identify the bacteria via 1. ____ or ____ culture
on ______ media at __° for ____-___ hours

A

wound, stool, selective, 37, 24-48

61
Q

When isolating and identifying P. Shigelloides, what does the bacterium look like on the following agar:
1. Blood
2. McConkey
3.

A
62
Q

Which biochemical tests could you run to test to see if your patient is positive for Pleisiomonas Shigelloides?

A

Biochemical tests:
Catalase positive, Oxidase positive, Indole positive

63
Q

Treatment of Plesiomonas shigelloides may ____ be required. However, if they are
β-lactamase producers:
- Resistant to ____ drugs
–> Choice of antibiotics: (4)

A

not, penicillin,
1. Cephalosporins
2. Carbapenems
3. Fluoroquinolones
4. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

64
Q

Plesiomonas means?

A

Neighbor of Aeromonas

65
Q

Aeromonas is a Gram- _____, ______ anaerobic, ________ _____. It is found in ____ water (fish ____ and _____).

A

negative, facultative, straight rod, fresh, ponds, tanks

66
Q

Aeromonas are apart of the _______ ____ of freshwater fish. However, it is an ________ pathogen.

A

normal flora, opportunistic

67
Q

There are ____ groups of aeromonas:
1. ______ and ______ (?)
- ______ pathogen
2. ____-_____ and _______ (?)
- ____ pathogen

A

two, Motile, mesophilic, A. hydrophila, Human, Non-motile, psychrophilic, A. salmonicida, Fish

68
Q
A

A. hydrophila

69
Q
A

A. salmonicida

70
Q

What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for attachment?

A
  1. Type 1 and Type IV pili
  2. Flagella
71
Q

What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for secretion?

A
  1. Exoenzymes
  2. Hemolysins
  3. Enterotoxins
  4. T3SS and T6SS (allows bacteria to invade deeper tissues).
72
Q

What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for Biofilm formation?

A
  1. Quorum sensing (communicate via long distance by releasing signal molecules to tell bacteria to form biofilms).
73
Q

What virulence factors do Aeromonas possess for resistance to host immune response?

A
  1. Capsule (anti-phagocytic) and S-layer (surface protein layer that are produced by many bacteria to form outer most layer)
74
Q
A

A. hydrophila - Attachment

75
Q

Secretion

A
76
Q
A

Host cell invasion

77
Q
A
78
Q
A
79
Q
A
80
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila are motile by _____ and ____ flagella and are _______; optimal growth range from __°C to ___°C

A

polar, lateral, Mesophilic, 20, 45

81
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila in fish causes ?

A
  • Hemorrhagic septicemia
  • Skin lesions
82
Q

Aeromonas hydrophila in humans causes ?

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Septicemia

After consuming contaminated water or seafood.
Open wound –> contaminated –> septicemia

83
Q

Aeromonas salmonicida
= ?

A

Salmon killer

84
Q

Aeromonas salmonicida is
1. Motile or non-motile?
2. _________ and grows at an optimal growth temperature of ?°C
3. ____ pathogen:
- Causes ______ in salmonid fish
- Causes ___ disease in goldfish

A

Non-motile, Psychrophilic, ≤15, Fish, furunculosis, Ulcer

85
Q
A

Aeromonas salmonicida
Furuncle under skin filled with blood and necrotic tissue.

86
Q

Diagnosis of A. hydrophila
 Hemolysis ()
 Catalase ()
 Oxidase (_)
 Growth at __°C for ___ h
 ____ colonies
 Mobility (__)

A

+, +, +, 37, 24, Large, +

Mesophillic microorganism so can row at 37

87
Q

Diagnosis of A. salmonicida
 Hemolysis ()
 Catalase ()
 Oxidase (_)
 Growth at __°C for ___ h
 ____ colonies
 Mobility (__)

A

 Hemolysis (+)
 Catalase (+)
 Oxidase (+)
 Growth at 25°C for 48 h
 Small colonies
 Mobility (-)

Cycrophillic microorganism so can row at 25

88
Q

Aeromonas is resistant to which medications?

A

Resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and
ticarcillin (due to production of β-lactamase.

89
Q

How can you treat Aeromonas infections?

A

Antibiotic therapy
 Third-generation cephalosporins
 Carbapenems
 Tetracyclines
 Aminoglycosides
 Fluoroquinolones
 Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Treatment of Aeromonas infections

90
Q

Vibrio is a gram-______, _______ anaerobic, _______ ____.

A

negative, facultative, curved rod

91
Q

Vibrio is made motile by _____ flagella.

A

polar

92
Q

Vibrio is ________ and is present in ______ water and ________.

A

halophilic, brackish, seawater

93
Q

Vibrio is an ________ pathogen of ____ and _____

A

opportunistic, fish, reptiles

94
Q

Vibrio cholerae infects?

A

humans

95
Q

Vibrio parahemolyticus infects?

A

humans

96
Q

Vibrio metschnikovii infects?

A

chickens

97
Q

Vibrio anguillarum infects ?

A

eels

98
Q

Vibrio cholerae is a ______ pathogen (______ _____ Cholera Outbreak). It is the causative agent of _____ (O__ and O___)

A

human, 2010 Haiti, cholera, 1, 139

99
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Vibrio cholerae?

A

Cholera toxin (ctx) -> Watery diarrhea -> Dehydration -> Death

Once you ingest bacteria in drinking water –> SI –> produce toxin –> toxin binds to receptors on surface and is internalized in cytoplasm –> increases cAMP —> electrolytes and water secretion –> cholera diarrhea.

lose 1 L of fluid per hour. Would die of dehydration.

100
Q

How do you treat a patient suffering from cholera?

A

Treatment: Oral rehydration therapy

Mixture of sugar and salt.

Severe cases need antibiotics; rehydration is more important

101
Q
A

Vibrio cholerae

102
Q

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
is a cause of ______ __________ in humans

A

food poisoning

103
Q

What are the virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

 Thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH)
 T3SS/T6SS
 Flagella
 Adhesin (MAM7)
 LPS

104
Q

How can you identify Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
 Grown on ________ media at __°C for ___-___h
 Oxidase ________
 Catalase ______

A

selective, 37, 24-48, positive, positive

105
Q

For identification, you should us which media pictured? Describe how they look in each media.

A

TCBs agar is recommended for selective isolation and cultivation of vibrio species from clinical samples.

Green vs. yellow

W agar –> contains human or rabbit blood; not any other

106
Q

Vibrio metschnikovii is an ______ pathogen that causes _____-like disease in ______ and other ____.

A

animal, cholera, chickens, birds

107
Q

Name the virulence factors of Vibrio metschnikovii.

A

Virulence factors:
1. Hemolysin
2. Verotoxin

108
Q

Vibrio metschnikovii appears as ______, _______ colonies on _____ agar and can be grown at __°C for __- ___ _____. It is poorly grown on ________ agar.

A

smooth, transparent, blood, 37, 24, 48h, MacConkey

109
Q

Vibrio metschnikovii is Oxidase _____ and Catalase ______.

A

(-), (+)

110
Q

Vibrio anguillarum is a ____ pathogen –> ________. It specifically effects ____water _____ and other _____.

A

fish, Vibriosis, salt, eels, fish

Mortality is very high

111
Q

The clinical signs of Vibriosis in fish are:
1. Skin _____
2. ________ septicemia

A

necrosis, Hemorrhagic

112
Q

The virulence factors of Vibrio anguillarum are:
1. ____ uptake system
2. ________
3. ________
4. ______
5. ______
6. ____

A

Iron, Hemolysins, Metalloproteases, Flagella, pili, LPS

113
Q

The specimens you would need to collect if you suspect your patient is suffering from vibrio anguillarum are?

A

Specimens: water sample, swab, or infected tissue

114
Q

You can identify Vibrio anguillarum by isolating it on ____ agar with __% ____ at ___°C for ____ hours (_______) OR _____ agar (_____ colonies). The biochemical tests you can use to identify Vibrio anguillarum would be _____ and _______.

A

blood, 1, NaCl, 20, 48, Hemolytic, TCBS, yellow, PCR, Sequencing

115
Q

How would you treat and control the spread of Vibrio anguillarum?

A

 Antibiotic therapy (Cephalosporins, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid)
 Phage therapy
 Probiotics
 Vaccination

116
Q
A

Bacteriology/Mycology (40 decks)

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