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Bacteriology/Mycology > Actinobacteria I > Flashcards

Actinobacteria I Flashcards

1
Q

Actinomyces
Actinobaculum
Aracnobacterium is now known as Trueperella pyogenes.
Nocardia
Dermatophilus

A
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2
Q

Bacteria colony shows ________ formation and _________ lesions in infected animals (they were considered as fungi).

A

filamentous, granulomatous

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3
Q

These four bacteria belong to the same family, Actinobacteria

A

Nocardia, Actinomyces, Dermatophilus, and Actinobaculum

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4
Q

Thermophilic Actinobacteria:
Cows can develop what type of hypersensitivity when ingesting this bacteria?

A

Saccharoplyspora rectivirgula
Type III

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5
Q

Gram _____ bacteria, many species with _____ filaments.

A

positive, branching

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6
Q

Relatively ______ growth on laboratory media.

A

slow

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7
Q

Opportunistic pathogens producing diverse ____________ responses.

A

inflammatory

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8
Q

Actinomyces, Arcanobacterium, and Actinobaculum species
1. _______ or ________ anaerobic
2. morphologically _________
3. _____-____ forming, ___-____.
4. Modified _______-________ negative.
5. Colonize _______ membranes.

A

anaerobic, facultatively, heterogenous, non-spore, non-motile, Zieh-Neelsen, mucous

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9
Q

Nocardia Species
1. ______, non-motile
2. Spores from _____ filaments
3. Growth on ________ dextrose agar
4. Modified _____-_______-positive
5. _____ saprophytes

A

Aerobic, aerial, Sabourand, Ziehl-Neelsen, Soil

What grows well in this media Sabouraud ? Fungi

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10
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis
1. ______ and capnophilic
2. _____ zoospores
3. No growth on ________ dextrose agar
4. Found in ____ and in ____ on skin of carrier animals

A

Aerobic, Motile, Sabouraud, scabs, foci

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11
Q

Compared arcanobacterium pyogenes to nocardia species

A
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12
Q

Trueperella pyogenes (Arcanobacterium pyogenes)

A

nasopharyngeal mucosa

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13
Q

Actinobaculum suis

A

preputial mucosa

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14
Q

Actinomyces bovis

A

oropharynx mucosa

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15
Q

Actinomyces hordeovulneris

A

unknown

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16
Q
A

trueperella blood agar?

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17
Q
A

Trueperella?

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18
Q
A

filaments of actinomyosis; characteristic of this bacteria’

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

Arcanobacterium pyogenes, aka Trueperella pyogenes, hosts?

A

Cattle, sheep. pigs

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21
Q

Arcanobacterium pyogenes
Disease conditions

A

Abscessation, mastitis, suppurative pneumonia, endometritis, pyometra, arthritis, umbilical infections

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22
Q

Trueperella pyogenes
Worldwide –>

A

Cattle, pigs, sheep

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23
Q

Trueperella pyogenes
Gram-________, ________

A

positive, pleomorphic

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24
Q

Trueperella pyogenes _____-_____-forming, non-_____, non-_______, _______ anaerobic ____, which is characterized by a _______ metabolism and strong ________ activity.

A

Non, spore, motile, capsulated, facultative, rod, fermentative, proteolytic

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25
Q

Trueperella pyogenes
__________ pathogen

A

Opportunistic

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26
Q

Trueperella pyogenes
This bacterium has been isolated from the wall of ______ ______ and _____ _______, as a gastrointestinal _______ and from the ______ of clinically healthy cows.

A

bovine rumen, swine stomachs, microbiota, udders

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27
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

Mainly causing _________ lesions

A

suppurative

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28
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

Any organ may be affected by?

A

lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, peritonitis, neural abscess, pyometra, mastitis…

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29
Q

Trueperella pyogenes

Pathogenesis
• Exogenous infection
• Mechanical injuries of skin and mucous membranes

A
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30
Q
A

sulfur granules = bovis, viscosus = white
characteristic appearnace of pus

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31
Q
A

Differnt proteins on cell menrvane of bacteria promotes adhesion of bacteria to epithelial cells. Once attached, produced toxi proteases to enter

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32
Q
A

Bacteria migrate through epithelial and stroma cells, stroma cells promotes phagocytic cells to enter area (neutrophil aka segmented nuclei) and MQ and DC. Chemokines are released to attract more inflammatory cells to site of infection.

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33
Q

What can be seen here?

A

Abscess in mandible.
“Lumpy Jaw”

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34
Q
A

Abscess. Once opened, releases content, mainly puss, and the puss may have some granules.

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35
Q

What can be seen in this image here?

A

Cow with Mastitis

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36
Q
A

Lambs: abscess located on neck.

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37
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

Pus formation/ granuloma formation
Fibrin in the thoracic cavity

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38
Q
A

Pus in thoracic cavity; fibrin

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39
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

Lungs has multi abscesses as well.
Granulomas present in lung tissue.

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40
Q
A

MQ from diagnosing trueperella pyogenes

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41
Q

How do you diagnose Trueperella pyogenes?

A
  1. Clinical signs
  2. Samples from sick animals
  3. Histopathology
  4. Blood and MacConkey Agar
  5. PCR
43
Q

What samples do you collect from animals suffering from Trueperella pyogenes?

A

Exudates, aspirates, tissue samples –> culture and histopathology

44
Q

Histopathology - Trueperella Pyogenes

A

Filamentous organisms surrounded by eosinophilic club-shaped structures.

45
Q

Trueperella Pyogenes Vaccines

A

• Whole cells of Trueperella pyogenes or culture supernatant. • Recombinant: Fimbria H, PLO, Leukotoxin.
• DNA vaccine
• Autovaccine = Take sample of affected animal and then give to other animals in the same farm. By isolating the bacteria from the affected animal, and making vaccine from said sample, you can give to other animals in the farm.

46
Q

Canine actinomycosis is also called

A

Actinomyces viscosus

47
Q

Canine actinomycosis results in …

A

Subcutaneous pyogranulomatous lesions and extensive fibrovascular proliferation on the peritoneal or pleural surfaces with sanguine-purulent exudate in the affected cavity.

48
Q

Canine actinomycosis
Clinical sign

A

Respiratory distress

49
Q

Canine actinomycosis
Treatment

A

Penicillin

50
Q

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) is also called

A

Actinomyces bovis

51
Q

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) is the result of?

A

Infected trauma or lesion of the oral mucosa or dental alveoli

52
Q

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw) results in?

A

Swelling of the bone, then fistulous tracts discharge purulent exudate

53
Q

How do you diagnose lumpy jaw?

A

Clinical signs
X-rays

54
Q

How do you treat lumpy jaw?

A

Penicillin

55
Q

What can be seen here?

A

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
Characteristic filaments (gross)

56
Q
A

Bovine actinomycosis (lumpy jaw)
Filamentous bacteria

58
Q
A

mandible is affected; lesion may be opened and contents drain out

60
Q

d

A

danage of mandible

61
Q
A

extensive damage of ramus of mandible

62
Q
A

cavities formed in mandible

63
Q
A

filamentous contents

64
Q

Porcine cystitis is caused by?

A

Actinobaculum suis

65
Q

Porcine cystitis is isolated from _____ and ______ _______.

A

prepuce, preputial diverticulum

66
Q

Porcine cystitis results in?

A

Anorexia, arching of the back, dysuria and hematuria
• May affect kidneys, if severely affected death may result

68
Q

Nocardia species
Gram ________, _______, ________ actinobacteria, ________ morphology

A

positive, aerobic, saprophytic, filamentous

69
Q

Nocardia species

______ agar, culture medium with ______-______ extract

A

Blood, charcoal, yeast

70
Q

Nocardia species
Colonies are _____, _______ and _____ adherent to the agar
• Colonies are variably ________ and ______

A

white, powdery, firmly, haemolytic, odourless

71
Q

Nocardia species
Subculture on to _________ dextrose agar yields dry, wrinkled, orange - colored colonies after incubation for up to 5 days

72
Q

Nocardia species - Clinical infections
_______ and _______ infections in dogs
__________ in cattle –> infection is sporadic
________ in sows
___________ is an important predisposing factor

A

Cutaneous, systemic, Mastitis, Abortion, Immunosuppression

73
Q
A

Skin in the cat, lesion at the base of the ear

74
Q
A

Abscess/granuloma in the heart and lungs.

75
Q
A

Filamentous filaments which is why nocardia was previously considered to be a fungi.

76
Q
A

Lesions in the brain - rare but happens

77
Q

Nocardia species - Dogs
Disease conditions

78
Q

Nocardia species - Cattle
Disease Conditions

A

Chronic mastitis
Abortion
Bovine farcy

79
Q

Nocardia species - Pigs
Disease Conditions

80
Q

Nocardia conditions - Sheep, goats, horses
Disease conditions

81
Q

Canine nocardiosis
Infections in dogs –> ?
- _______, ________ and ______ forms of the disease are recognized –> ?

A

inhalation, through skin wounds or by ingestion.
Thoracic, cutaneous, disseminated
Fever, anorexia and respiratory distress.

82
Q

Canine nocardiosis
In the case of the thoracic cavity, Fibrovascular proliferative reaction on the pleura and sanguinopurulent fluid accumulates in the thoracic cavity.

83
Q

Canine nocardiosis
The cutaneous form –> ?

A

ulcer or as a granulomatous swelling with discharging fistulous tracts.

84
Q

Canine nocardiosis
The disseminated form –> ?

A

in dogs less than 12 months of age, clinical signs are non - specific and are referable to the organ system mainly affected.

85
Q

Canine nocardiosis
Treatment

A

Amikacin, cotrimoxazole

86
Q

Bovine farcy (Nocardia farcinica)

Bovine nocardiosis, is limited to the ______.

87
Q

Bovine farcy is a ______ infection of ______ _______ vessels and _______ ______.

A

chronic, superficial, lymphatic, lymph nodes

88
Q

Bovine farcy
Early lesions consist of _____ _______ nodules, often on the _____ aspect of the ____ and on the ____. These nodules enlarge _____ and ______ to form swellings, up to ___ cm in diameter, which rarely ______.

A

small, cutaneous, medial, legs, neck, slowly, coalesce, 10, ulcerate

89
Q

Bovine farcy

The lymphatic vessels may become ________ and ____ - like. Internal organs may be affected occasionally and the condition is important because lesions resemble those of tuberculosis.

A

thickened, cord

90
Q
A

Lesions are present on head and neck
Lymphatic vessels become enlarged
normal lymph node on left, affected one on right.
Multi lymph nodes/lymph tissue that is enlarged. Lymphatic vessels connecting affected lymph nodes also swell.

91
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis
________, most common in _____ and ______ regions

A

Worldwide, tropical, subtropical

92
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis
Gram ________, _______, produces _____ ______ zoospores

A

+, filamentous, motile, coccal

93
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis
Organisms ______ in the skin –> _______ zoospores may become _______ ( ______ and ______)

A

persist, dormant, activated, moisture, temperature

94
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis
_______ and ________ conditions are favorable for infection –> _____ inflammatory response and ____-_______ in the ______.

A

Trauma, wetting, acute, micro, abscesses, epidermis

95
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis

Current diseases and _____ increase host susceptibility

96
Q
A

Crust affecting ruminants due to presence of ?
Lesion gets infected due to temperature.

97
Q

Dermatophilus congolensis
Clinical Infection

A

• Prevalent and often more severe in young animals.
• Zoospores are most often transmitted by direct contact with infected
animals and blood - sucking insects
• Heavy prolonged rainfall in association with warm environmental temperatures can result in lesions predominantly affecting the dorsum of farm animals
• lesions may be extensive and deaths may occasionally occur, particularly in calves and lambs.

99
Q
A

Filamenoutous round spores still attached to colony but eventually when separated they develop a filament in spore.

100
Q
A

Filamentous filaments which is why nocardia was previously considered to be a fungi.

101
Q

Diagnostic
• Samples scab material and samples of skin fixed in formalin.
• Smears from the undersurface of scabs or from softened scab material, stained
by the Giemsa method, reveal the characteristic branching fi laments containing
zoospores
• Colonies are up to 1 mm in diameter, yellow and haemolytic. When incubated for
3 to 4 days, they become rough, golden - yellow and embedded in the agar
• PCR
• Treatment: Oxytetracycline
• Control: Depending on geographical location and climatic factors; they are based
on minimizing the effects of predisposing factors and early treatment of clinical
cases.

Bacteriology/Mycology (40 decks)

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