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Bacteriology/Mycology > Fusobacterium > Flashcards

Fusobacterium Flashcards

1
Q

Fusobacterium = ?

A

fusiform, meaning spindle shaped

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2
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A
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5
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6
Q

Fusobacterium are
obligate ______, Gram- ______, _____ rods

A

anaerobic, negative, filamentous

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7
Q

Fusobacterium are apart of the phylum _______.

A

Fusobacteria

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8
Q

Fusobacterium have a _____ morphology

A

pleomorphic

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9
Q

Fusobacterium produce ?

A

butyric acid

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10
Q

Fusobacterium are sensitive to _______.

A

kanamycin

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11
Q

Fusobacterium are resistant to _______.

A

vancomycin

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12
Q

Fusobacterium are apart of the ____ flora at ______ sites of the ___, ____ tract, and _____ cavity.

A

normal, mucosal, gut, urogenital, oral

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13
Q

Some strains of Fusobacterium are considered to be opportunistic pathogens. List the strains that fall under this category.

A
  1. F. nucleatum (humans) = one of the most commonly bacteria in humans
  2. F. canifelium (dogs, cats) = isolated from bite wounds caused by dogs adn cats
  3. F. necrophorum (sheep, cattle)

F. necro = most important species

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14
Q

Name this bacterium. Describe its morphology.

A

Fusobacterium
Pleomorphic, gram-negative, filamentous rods.

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15
Q

Name the diseases associated with F. nucleatum

A

Cause various disease in natural habits including: oropharyngeal, GI tract, urogenital, other.

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16
Q

Fusobacterium necrophorum
1. Name the Subspecies (Biotypes)
2. Necrobacillosis in humans: _______ syndrome
3. A major cause of _______ in animals:
- Calf _____
- Liver ______
- _____
- _____ disease (_____)

A
  1. (a) F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum (biotype A): virulent
    (b) F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme (biotype B): less virulent
    Biotype B is more common in humans
    Biotype A ?
  2. Lemierre’s
  3. necrobacillosis, diphtheria, abscess, Footrot, Uterine, Metritis
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

F. necrophorum causes ______ infections. Name the associated pathogens, whether they are gram-positive or gram negative, and if they are a facultative or obligate anaerobe.

A

Polymicrobial

  1. Trueperella pyogenes (Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe)
  2. Porphyromonas levii (Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe)
  3. Prevotella melaninogenica (Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe)
  4. Dichelobacter nodosus (Gram-negative, obligate anaerobe)
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19
Q

Name the virulence factors of F. necrophorum and their function(s)

A
  1. Attachment to host cells
    - Hemagglutinins
    - Pili
    - Outer membrane proteins (FomA)
  2. Toxins
    - Leukotoxin (lysis of leukocytes) *MOST important**
    - LPS (endotoxin)
    - Hemolysin (lysis of erythrocytes)
    - Dermonecrotic toxin (lysis of collagen)
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20
Q

How would you diagnose a patient with F. necrophorum?

  1. ____________ culture: on _________ media under _________-free
    condition at 37°C for ≥24-48 hrs
    - _______ agar supplemented with _______ and vitamin _____
    - _____________ selective agar (FSA)
  2. Molecular analysis
    - ______ (______ gene)
A
  1. Anaerobic culture: on enriched media under oxygen-free
    condition at 37°C for ≥24-48 hrs
    - Blood agar supplemented with hemin and vitamin K1
    - Fusobacterium selective agar (FSA)
  2. Molecular analysis
    - PCR (lktA gene)
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21
Q

Name the two forms of media pictured and what they are used for specifically in relation to diagnosing F. necrophorum in a patient.

A
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22
Q

How would you treat a F. necrophorum infection?

A
  1. Surgical intervention
  2. Antibiotic therapy
    - suggested drugs include: Penicillin G, Sulfonamides, Metronidazole,
    Ampicillin, Florfenicol, Ceftiofur
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23
Q

Calf diphtheria
1. Definition?
2. Synonyms?
3. Affected host?
4. Name the two forms of Calf diptheria.

A
  1. An ulcerative necrosis of the cheek, tongue, pharynx,
    and larynx caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum
    • Oral necrobacillosis
      - Necrotic pharyngitis or laryngitis
  3. Calves under 3 months of age
    • Oral form (Necrotic stomatitis): Ulceration of oral mucosa and
      swelling of the cheek
      - Laryngeal form (Necrotic laryngitis): Ulceration of the larynx
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24
Q

What bacterial infection is this calf suffering from? Name the key clinical signs pictured.

A

Oral form of calf diptheria.

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25
Q

What bacterial infection is this calf suffering from? Name the key clinical signs pictured.

A
  • Clinical features: Stridor and difficulty feeding
  • Postmortem examination: caseous necrosis, soft tissue swelling.
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26
Q

Describe the development of calf diphtheria.

A
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27
Q

List the clinical symptoms of calf diptheria. What would happen if left untreated?

A

–> Clinical symptoms:
- Fever, depression, anorexia, excessive salivation, painful coughing,
a foul smell from the mouth, and dyspnea (hard breathers),
difficult swallowing
- Pneumonia (if untreated)

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28
Q

Describe what you would see on necropsy in a case of calf diphtheria.

A

Necropsy lesions:
- Caseous necrosis and soft tissue swelling of the larynx and vocal
cords

29
Q

What would be seen on bacterial culture in a case of calf diptheria?

A

Bacterial culture:
- Identification of F. necrophorum often with Trueperella pyogenes
from laryngeal swabs from animals with clinical laryngitis

30
Q

How would you treat your patient suffering from Calf diphtheria?

A
  1. Systemic administration of sulfonamides or tetracyclines
    alone or in combination
  2. Early treatment is more effective
  3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be
    helpful
31
Q

What is the causative agent of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle?

A

Causative agent: F. necrophorum
- together with Trueperella (formerly, Arcanobacterium) pyogenes

32
Q

Name the affected host of liver abscesses.

A

Feedlot cattle (rarely feedlot lambs).

33
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of liver abscesses

A
34
Q

Describe the clinical signs associated with liver abscesses

A

–> No clinical signs
- Reduced feed intake
- Weight loss

35
Q

How do you prevent the development of a liver abscess?

A

Prevention
1. Vaccine
2. Antibiotics (tylosin, chlortetracycline)
3. Nutritional management

36
Q

How would you treat a patient suffering from a liver abscess?

A

Treatment
1. Procaine penicillin G
2. Oxytetracycline
3. Ampicillin trihydrate

37
Q

Describe what can be seen in this image?

A

Liver abscess - cattle

38
Q

Describe what can be seen in this image.

A

Multiple caseous nodules on liver - lamb.

39
Q

Define bovine footrot.

A

An infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the foot
and subsequent lameness

40
Q

List the causative agents of bovine footrot.

A

Causative agents:
1. Fusobacterium necrophorum
2. Porphyromonas levii
3. Trueperella pyogenes

41
Q

List the symptoms associated with bovine footrot.

A

Symptoms:
1. Lameness
2. Swelling of the interdigital space
3. Loss of appetite
4. Fever, pain
5. Necrotic lesions with a foul odor in the interdigital space
6. Chronic arthritis if untreated

42
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

Bovine footrot

43
Q

Diagnosis of bovine footrot is based on?

A

Clinical signs, foot examination

44
Q

How would you treat a patient suffering from bovine footrot?

A
  • Systemic antibiotics labeled for footrot
  • Removal of the necrotic tissue with a topical antibiotic
  • Footbaths containing agents such as zinc sulphate
45
Q

How can you prevent the development of bovine footrot?

A
  • Environmental hygiene
  • Good nutrition with vitamin A, D, zinc, etc.
  • Keeping the foot clean and dry
  • Removal of sources of injury
  • Footbaths with an antiseptic and astringent solution
46
Q

Define Thrush in horses (_____)

A

hoofrot
A chronic disease caused by F. necrophorum infection in the frog

47
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with hoofrot?

A

Clinical signs:
- A foul-smelling discharge in the frog (often black in color)
- Loss of frog shape
- Tenderness in the frog
- Lameness

48
Q

How do you treat a horse with footrot?

A

Treatment: Debridement, footbaths, antibiotics

49
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

The frog of a horse’s hoof

50
Q

Metritis in dairy cows is defined as?

A

An inflammation of the uterus within 21 days postpartum

51
Q

What are the clinical symptoms associated with Metritis in dairy cows?

A

Clinical symptoms
- An enlarged uterus
- A fetid watery red-brownish uterine discharge
- Fever (RT ≥39.5°C)
- Reduced milk production

52
Q

What can be seen in this image?

A

Metritis in dairy cows
- A fetid watery red-brownish uterine discharge

53
Q
A

Usually diagnosed within 10 days of postpartum.
Infection persist beyond three weeks postpartum

54
Q

Describe the uterine discharge scoring system for
diagnosis of metritis

A
55
Q

Metritis in dairy cows is caused by a _______ infection. List the associated bacterium.

A

polymicrobial
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Bacteroides pyogenes
- Porphyromonas levii
- Helcococcus ovis

56
Q

List the outcomes of metritis in dairy cows?

A
  • Reduced milk production
  • Reduced reproduction
  • Increased culling
57
Q

How would you treat a dairy cow suffering from metritis?

A

Antibiotic treatment
- Ceftiofur
- Ampicillin
- Oxytetracycline

58
Q
A
59
Q

Necrotic rhinitis in young pigs is a condition characterized by?

A

A chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

60
Q

What is the causative agent of necrotic rhinitis in young pigs?

A

F. necrophorum

61
Q

What are the clinical signs of necrotic rhinitis in young pigs?

A
  • Necrosis of the snout
  • A foul smelling nasal discharge
  • Swelling of the face
  • Sneezing
62
Q

How would you treat a young pig suffering from necrotic rhinitis?

A

Sulfonamides

63
Q

How does necrotic rhinitis differ from atrophic rhinitis?

A
64
Q

Dichelobacter nodosus is a gram-_____, non-____, obligate _______ ____. It belongs to the phylum ________ and, along with ______ _____, is a major cause of ____ in sheep and goats

A

negative, motile, anaerobic, rods, Proteobacteria, F. necrophorum, footrot

65
Q

Name the virulence factors of Dichelobacter nodosus

A
  1. Type IV fimbriae (fimA)
  2. Production of serine proteases
66
Q
A
67
Q
A

Dichelobacter nodosus

68
Q

How would you diagnose a patient with footrot?

A
69
Q
A

Bacteriology/Mycology (40 decks)

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