Bordatella Flashcards
- He reported having adopted a new kitten 3 weeks prior to
the onset of his symptoms. The kitten had not received any
prior vaccinations. The kitten had manifested symptoms of
conjunctivitis as well as respiratory symptoms with
intermittent gagging, and was seen by their veterinarian
and treated with antibiotics with resolution of its
symptoms. Patients receiving temozolomide should be
counseled on the risks of acquiring zoonotic infections from
their pets.
Questions
* The final culture results identified the organism as—
A. Moraxella catharalis
B. Bordetella bronchiseptica
C. Bordetella pertussis
D. Moraxella bovis
E. I don’t have a clue
Bordetella spp. (NOT members of the Pasteurellaceae)
* B. bronchiseptica- many animals and 2° pathogen in humans
* B. avium-fowl
* B. hinzii- commensal of fowl, rare human infections
* B. parapertusis
* B. pertusis- whooping cough (humans only)
* B. holmesii- bacteremia, endocarditis in humans
* B. trematum- wounds, ear infections in humans
* B. petri (environmental)-grows anaerobically
Distinct subgroup causes
chronic non-progressive
pneumonia in sheep
Bordetella bronchiseptica
* Gram-________ ________
* May stain ______
* Motile or non-motile?
** Urease _______, but non-________ and non- _______
** Oxidase and catalase ___
** Grows well on _______ agar
* Infects _____ variety of animals and _______ humans
negative coccobacillus, bipolar, motile, positive, saccharolytic, fermentative, +, MacConkey, wide, compromised
- Obligate parasite of ____ respiratory tract of mammals
- Transmitted by ____
- Strict ________
***____-_______ – oxidize organic sulfur and nitrogen (e.g. amino acids)
upper, aerosol, aerobe, nonsaccharolytic
What diseases does B. bronchiseptica cause in dogs?
Kennel cough (tracheobronchitis)
Kennel cough (tracheobronchitis) causes ________ secondary to viral infection. It is similar to human ________ cough
pneumonia, whooping
How is kennel cough transmitted?
Kennel cough is transmitted by aerosol and his highly contagious.
Describe the pathogenesis of tracheobronchitis.
- bacteria attach to epithelial cilia of RT
- toxins kill ciliated cells, which detach and
inflammation results - mucous accumulates causing chronic
cough.
B. bronchiseptica preferentially adheres to ____ and is rarely seen bound to _____ cells or ______ portions of ciliated cells.
cilia, aciliated, aciliated
Kennel cough produces a ___ ____ and may last for ______. Organisms may be shed for ______; may also have _____ nose and ______. Cough may get so severe as to cause ________.
*Animals often co-infected with _______ or
other ________ agent (parainfluenza); may also develop _________.
dry, hack, weeks, months, runny, sneeze, vomiting, distemper, respiratory, pneumonia
Swine Atrophic Rhinitis
*Transmission and pathogenesis similar to
that in dogs, except the _____ is most common source
*Infection primarily in ________
*Toxins cause _____ jaw to shorten, and twists _____ to one side
sow, turbinates, upper, snout
Primary bronchopneumonia may also occur in very _____ pigs (less than __ week old),
particularly in _____ months. Present with _______ distress and “______” with ____ morbidity and mortality
An avirulent live culture Bordetella bronchiseptica
By Addison Biological labs
young, 1 , winter, respiratory, cough, high
B. bronchiseptica in cats
*Bordetella bronchiseptica associated upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is due to overlap in clinical signs seen with other URTD agents, including ?
*Cats in particular may get ?
*In most cats disease caused by B. bronchiseptica is ___ and symptoms disappear in ~ __ days.
*However, life-threatening _______ may develop, particularly in young kittens
feline calici virus
(FCV) and feline herpes virus (FHV).
trachebronchitis, conjunctivitis, or pneumonia in conjunction with calici or herpes viruses
mild, 10, bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia can occur in a wide variety of animals, usually secondary to ____
or other ________ infection. It can cause respiratory disease in _____ and ______ infections have been reported in compromised humans (e.g. _____ patients) as
well as _______ infections - ______ PATHOGEN
stress, respiratory, rodents, systemic, AIDS, respiratory, ZOONOTIC
List the Compromising Factors of B. bronchiseptica
*________ or __-_____ of respiratory tract with other bacteria or viral agents (e.g. ?)
* _________ (highly contagious)
*Inclement ______
Previous, co-infection, canine parainfluenza, FCV, FHV, or Pasteurella multocida, Crowding, weather
List the Virulence Factors of B. bronchiseptica
Adherence factors
**Fimbriae (pili)
*Filamentous hemaglutinin
* required for colonization and to establish
infection in upper respiratory tract
Exotoxins
**Dermonecrotic toxin (different from, but
synergistic to, the P. multocida toxin):
* Causes inflammation, and ciliary stasis in
respiratory mucosa
The function of Adenylate cyclase-hemolysin is to inhibit ______ and bacterial _____
phagocytosis, killing
The RTX toxin may have ______ activity. Several other toxins are present, e.g. ?
The Type ____ secretion system and others release such toxins
hemolytic, osteotoxin and tracheal cytotoxin, III
The specific role of Lipopolysaccharide in disease is _______
unclear.
Lipid A component probably contributes to ______
*Motility ?
*Flagella – regulated by two-component sensory transduction ____ locus, along with
most other virulence factors. The ____ locus is on a pathogenicity island
inflammation, bvg, bvg
Immunity to B. bronchiseptica
**Antibodies to ____ may be most important
*It is important to block _____ and _____ before disease can begin
**Mucosal immunity (___) may be most protective in dogs and _____ antibody
most protective in piglets
* Antibodies to ____ may also protect against lesion development
pili, adherence, infection, IgA, colostral, toxins
When trying to diagnose B. bronchiseptica, what samples would you collect from the following species?
1. Dogs
2. Swine
If you were to perform a culture, what media would you use? What other tests would you perform?
- transtracheal aspiration or bronchoscopy
- nasal swab on selective medium
Culture on MacConkey, TSI–(K/K), urea +
*PCR or MALDI-TOF can also be used
Vaccination against B. bronchiseptica
*_______ are somewhat effective
* ______ _______ vaccines given intranasally have been shown to be more protective, but may still only decrease severity of disease. Alternatively, specific _______ vaccines (e.g. pili) may also be protective. Contains _______ ___ parainfluenza virus and ______ ___ culture of bordetella.
BRONCHICINE™ CAe is a _________ antigenic extract prepared from the cells of
Bordetella bronchiseptica.
Bacterins, Live, attenuated, subunit, modified live, avirulent live, nonadjuvanted
Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine
NasaGuard-B® (Avirulent Live Culture)
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION:
NasaGuard-B is for vaccination of healthy dogs and
puppies at least 3 weeks of age or older to aid in
preventing kennel cough caused by B.
bronchiseptica.
Host Response Summary - B. bronchiseptica
*Dogs-need to induce ___ in ___ respiratory tract and antibodies to ____
*Swine-immunize sows (______) and ______ pigs
IgA, upper, pili, colostrum, weaned
Treatment for B. bronchiseptica
*
B. bronchiseptica most susceptible to tetracyclines
(doxycycline), ampicillin (amoxicillin), enrofloxacin,
and trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazole (SXT);
aminoglycosides and some sulfa drugs may also be
used
* SXT and ampicillin are often the drugs of choice,
but resistance may be common; resistance to some
cephalosporins and macrolides (e.g. erythromycin)
is common
* Mild cases usually not treated
*** Isolation warranted until no longer shedding!
Bordetella avium
*Gram-______ _______
*May stain ___
*______-flagella
*Strict ______
*Two colony types–only type __ causes disease
*________ – oxidize organic _____ and _____ (e.g. amino acids)
* urea __, so similar to Alcaligenes faecalis
negative, coccobacillus, bipolar, Motile, aerobe, 2, nonsaccharolytic, sulfur, nitrogen, –
- What species are effected by B. avium?
- What disease(s) does Bordatella avium cause in turkey?
- How is B. avium transmitted?
- Is this disease contagious? If so, how contagious?
- Infects fowl and compromised humans
- Turkey Coryza – infectious respiratory disease (also infects chickens)
- May be transmitted by dust as well as
aerosol - Highly contagious
Describe the pathogenesis of B. avium.
Pathogenesis similar to that of B. bronchiseptica
*Bacteria colonize ciliated epithelial cells of
respiratory tract
*Ciliated cells die and detach as a result of
toxins
Inflammation caused by B. avium results in mucous ______. Additionally, other clinical signs: include?
accumulation, coughing, conjunctivitis, facial and wattle swelling, eyelids swollen closed, nasal discharge, and rales
B. avium ______ and _____ may be high. Infection is most common in ?
Differentials?
Morbidity, mortality, 10-12 week poults
Pasteurella multocida
(fowl cholera), Avibacterium paragallinarum (fowl coryza),
Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, avian influenza,
avian metapneumovirus, mycoplasma, and infectious
laryngotracheitis
List the Virulence Factors of B. avium.
*Adherence factors
*Fimbriae (pili)
*required for colonization and to establish
infection in upper respiratory tract
*Exotoxins
*Dermonecrotic toxin:
* Causes inflammation, and ciliary stasis in
respiratory mucosa
Tracheal cytotoxin
*Hemaglutinin
*Lipopolysaccharide
*Specific role in disease is not clear
*Lipid A component probably contributes to
inflammation
List the Predisposing Factors to B. avium infection
*Dust
*Overcrowding (high transmission rate)
*Previous respiratory infection
Immunity to B. avium:
*Mucosal ____ important to prevent colonization
*_______ antibodies, as well as _____ antibodies, to toxins can protect against disease
IgA, Serum, mucosal
Diagnosis of B. avium
*Grows on _________ agar
*___________
*Urease _______
*Very similar to ?
MacConkey, Nonsaccharolytic, negative, Alcaligenes faecalis
Vaccination
*Protective immunity similar to B. bronchiseptica except vaccine given in ____
*_____, ______ vaccines most protective
* _______ given subcutaneously have been shown to protect against disease, not
colonization
water, Live, attenuated, Bacterins
Treatment for B. avium
*Most susceptible to tetracyclines and erythromycin; fluoroquinolones and
sulfonamides (sulfonamide-trimethoprim, and other combinations) have also been
successful
Other
Bordetella species
*B. pertussis: causes whooping cough in human
children
*B. parapertussisHu : causes less severe
respiratory disease in humans
*B. parapertussisOv : only in sheep, and causes
chronic, non-progressive pneumonia
*Lacks O-antigen and cannot infect mice
*(more commonly caused by Mycoplasma
ovipneumoniae)
SUMMARY
*B. bronchiseptica
*Respiratory diseases in multiple animals
*Disease mediated through attachment and
toxin production
*B. avium
*Similar pathogenesis as above, but more
specific for fowl
