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IMS > MUSCLE TISSUE > Flashcards

MUSCLE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of skeletal muscle?

A 
Skeletal movement
Maintenance of posture
Support of soft tissues
Sphincter function
Thermoregulation
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2
Q

what is skeletal muscle made of?

A

Large multinucleated cells (fibres)

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3
Q

what are Large multinucleated cells (fibres)?

A

fused myoblasts surrounded by loose CT containing collagen and elastin fibres, which merge into the tendon at sites of muscle attachment.

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4
Q

what are muscle fibres?

A

non-dividing cells surrounded by satellite cells

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5
Q

what is the cell memb of skeletal muscle called?

A

sarcolemma

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6
Q

what are satellite cells?

A

undifferentiated, muscle stem cells with regenerative potential

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7
Q

what is the function of satellite cells?

A

Function as a reserve that can be activated to replace or increase muscle as necessary

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8
Q

what is the appearance of skeletal muscle?

A

striated microscopic appearance and needs nervous innervation

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9
Q

what is skeletal muscle also known as?

A

striated voluntary muscle

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10
Q

what is the composition of skeletal muscle?

A

Muscle fibre
Bundles of 1 form muscle fascicle
Bundles of 2 form muscle

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11
Q

what is a muscle fibre surrounded by?

A

(fused myocytes)

by endomysium

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12
Q

what is a muscle fascicle surrounded by?

A

by perimysium

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13
Q

what is a muscle surrounded by?

A

by epimysium

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14
Q

what is found inside the muscle fibre?

A

myofilaments

Bundles of 1 form myofibrils

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15
Q

what are myofilaments made of?

A

thin filaments (actin, tropomyosin, troponin) thick filaments (myosin)

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16
Q

what are the myofibrils surrounded by?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

17
Q

what are transverse tubules?

A

form tunnels through muscle fibre and encircle myofibrils. Conduct AP for the initiation of contraction.

18
Q

what is a sarcomere?

A

Smallest functional unit of muscle

19
Q

what are Z lines?

A

bound sarcomere; formed by protein that supports the thin filaments

20
Q

what are I bands?

A

light in appearance; consist of thin filaments

21
Q

what is the A band?

A

dark in appearance; consists of thick filaments (with or without thin filaments)

22
Q

what is the M line?

A

consists of proteins supporting the thick filaments

23
Q

what is the H zone?

A

contains thick filaments only

24
Q

what does the zone of overlap of the sarcomere contain?

A

contains both thick and thin filaments

Contraction achieved by sliding motion between the thick and thin filaments

25
Q

what is the appearance of cardiac muscle?

A

striated

26
Q

what are the characteristic of cardiac muscle?

A

Only found in heart (cardiocytes)
Not fused (single nucleus); branched
Smaller than skeletal muscle fibres

27
Q

what are found at the ends of cardiocytes?

A

intercalated discs

28
Q

what is found in intercalated discs?

A

gap junctions and desmosomes

29
Q

what does the stabilisation of tissue allow?

A

exchange of ions and small molecules allowing spread of AP

30
Q

do the cardiocytes regenerate?

A

no, which is why heart muscle can slowly degenerate with age, leading to various medical problems

31
Q

is there any reliance on nervous innervation wth cardiac muscle?

A

no, pacemaker cells stimulate contractions - nervous system can only alter rate of activity

32
Q

what is cardiac muscle known as?

A

striated involuntary muscle

33
Q

where is smooth muscle found?

A 
Cardiovascular system (blood vessels)
Skin (hair movement)
Respiratory system
Digestive		
Urinary			
Reproductive
34
Q

what is the structure of smooth muscle?

A 
Muscle cells small, slender, tapering
Single nucleus (not fused)
35
Q

are sarcomeres present in smooth muscle?

A

no, Actin & myosin filaments scattered throughout the cell

36
Q

what are the thin filaments anchored to?

A

dense bodies, which are located underneath the cell memb

37
Q

is smooth muscle capable of regeneration?

A

yes, Smooth muscle cells are capable of division

Either trigger own contractility or innervated

38
Q

what is smooth muscle known as?

A

non-striated, involuntary muscle

IMS (52 decks)

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