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IMS > AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

what does the ANS control?

A

controls the ability to maintain homeostasis in an ever changing environment

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2
Q

why is the ANS seen as a unique functional entity?

A

it is part central and part peripheral

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3
Q

how many neurons are connected to effector for SoNS+ANS?

A

SoNS-1

ANS-2

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4
Q

what do SoNS+ANS connect to?

A

SoNS-skeletal muscle

ANS-smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, fat cells

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5
Q

do SoNS+ANS have excitatory or inhibitory effects?

A

SoNS- exitatory

ANS- I+E

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6
Q

what neurotransmitter do SoNS+ANS use?

A

SoNS- Ach

ANS-Ach and noradrenaline

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7
Q

where are the cell bodies located in SoNS+ANS?

A

SoNS-within the CNS

ANS-outside the CNS

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8
Q

are the axons non-myelinated or myelinated for SoNS+ANS?

A

SoNS-myelinated
ANS- pre-ganglionic myelinated
post-ganglionic non-myelinated

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9
Q

what is the function of the ANS?

A

regulates functions of daily living and functions at the subconscious level
Involved in regulating internal organs and involuntary actions

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10
Q

what are the 3 anatomical sub-divisions of the ANS?

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric (or intrinsic)

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11
Q

what is the enteric/intrinsic sub-division of the ANS?

A

comprises the intrinsic nerve plexus of the GI tract, closely interconnected with the symp/parasymp systems

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12
Q

what are examples of ANS function?

A 
Body temp. control
Gut motility+secretion
Heart rate+force
Blood pressure
Blood glucose & FA
Micturition
Defection
expressive aspects of emotion
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13
Q

what is the fight to flight response?

A

Sympathetic system mobilises the body during extreme situations (fear, exercise, rage)

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14
Q

what is the rest and digest division?

A

Parasympathetic division performs maintenance activities and conserves body energy. Most effective in non-stressful situations

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15
Q

where do parasympathetic fibres emerge from?

A

from the brain and the spinal cord at the sacral level

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16
Q

where do sympathetic fibres originate from?

A

from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord from T1 to L2

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17
Q

what length are the fibres for the sympathetic NS?

A

Short pre-ganglionic and long post-ganglionic fibres

18
Q

where do the ganglia lie in the sympathetic NS?

A

near the spinal cord and vertebral column

19
Q

do the axons branch in the sympathetic NS?

A

Axons branch profusely, allowing influence over many organs

20
Q

what length are the fibres for the parasympathetic NS?

A

Long pre-ganglionic and short post-ganglionic fibres

21
Q

where do the ganglia lie in the parasympathetic NS?

A

ganglia lie far away from the CNS, in or near the organs innervated

22
Q

do the axons branch in the parasympathetic NS?

A

Axonal branching is diffuse and localised

23
Q

what is the function of the fight or flight response?

A

Co-ordinating responses to emergencies or vigorous muscular activity, and discrete control of organs

24
Q

are many organs affected by the F or F response?

A

In stressful situations several or all organs affected, i.e. system discharges as a unit, amplified by adrenaline release from adrenal medulla

25
Q

what is the function of the R and D response?

A

Conservation and restoration of energy
Discrete and localised function on individual organs or regions
SLUDD

26
Q

what does SLUDD stand for?

A

salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, and defecatio

27
Q

give and example when the parasymp and symp innervations are physiologically antagonistic

A

activation of parasympathetic stimulation slows HR whereas activation of sympathetic nervous system increases HR

28
Q

give an example when the parasymp and symp innervations are similar

A

Saliva secretion

29
Q

what are the symp and parasymp response to saliva production?

A

P-causes large vol of watery, enzyme-rich secretion & increased BF to the salivary glands
S-small volume of thick viscous secretion, reduces BF to the salivary glands

30
Q

give an example when the 2 systems oppose each other but aren’t equally important

A

In the gut, parasymp dominates over symp, parasymp is main motor nerve to drive gut functions

31
Q

give examples of organs/tissues that are innervated by only one division

A

sweat glands, piloerector muscles, blood vessels receive only sympathetic innervation

32
Q

can opposing effects still happen when innervated by one division and why?

A

yes eg. blood vessels depend on location due to different receptor subtypes for transmitter

33
Q

explain the possible effects on blood vessels after sympathetic stimulation

A

dilates BV supplying skeletal muscles (β adrenoceptors)

constricts BV supplying skin & gut (α adrenoceptors)

34
Q

in the sympathetic division what neurotransmitter do most post-ganglionic receptors release?

A

noradrenaline, fibres are names adrenergic

35
Q

what other neurotransmitter can the sympathetic division release?

A

some innervation of sweat glands + BV uses ACh acting on muscarinic receptors (sympathetic cholinergic)

36
Q

in the parasympathetic division what neurotransmitter do post-ganglionic receptors release?

A

ACh, these fibres are named cholinergic

37
Q

what neurotransmitter so preganglionic axon terminals release?

A

always release ACh

38
Q

what are the 3 types that nicotinic Ach receptors fall into?

A

muscle (NMJ), ganglionic and CNS

39
Q

how many subunits do ligand-gated ion channels form?

A

5 subunits, the composition can vary

40
Q

what type of receptors do muscarinic receptors have?

A

typical G-protein coupled receptors

41
Q

how many subtypes are there for muscarinic receptors?

A

5 subtypes are known M1-M5

IMS (52 decks)

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