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IMS > CONNECTIVE TISSUE > Flashcards

CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

what is connective tissue?

A

Deep tissues-never exposed to environment outside body

Most diverse tissue e.g. bone, blood, fat

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2
Q

what is the function of connective tissue?

A

Support & bind other tissues e.g. cartilage

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3
Q

what does connective tissue store?

A

Store nutritional substances e.g. fat

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4
Q

what does connective tissue produce?

A

Produce protective & regulatory substances (ECM)

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5
Q

where is the subserous fascia?

A

between serous membranes and deep fascia

areolar tissue

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6
Q

where is the deep fascia?

A

forms a strong, fibrous internal network

dense CT

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7
Q

where is deep fascia found?

A

bound to capsules, tendons, ligaments

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8
Q

where is superficial fascia?

A

between skin and underlying organs

areolar tissue and fat

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9
Q

what is superficial fascia also known as?

A

subcutaneous layer or hypodermic

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10
Q

where is connective tissue derived from?

A

derived from mesoderm

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

vary in structure and function
highly vascularised and well nourished
sparsely cellular tissues

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12
Q

when is connective tissue used?

A

cell adhesion mechanism (ECM)

replication and repair

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13
Q

what are the 3 basic components of connective tissue?

A

specialised cells, protein fibres, ground substance

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14
Q

give examples of specialised cells

A

fibroblasts, osteocyte

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15
Q

give an example of protein fibres

A

collagen

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16
Q

what is ground substance?

A

Fills all spaces between cells & surrounds all CT fibres

accounts for most of volume of CT

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17
Q

what is the matrix (ECM)?

A

Fibres and ground substance

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18
Q

what are the 3 types of connective tissue?

A

CT proper, fluid CT, supporting CT

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19
Q

give examples of CT proper

A

loose and dense CT

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20
Q

give examples of fluid CT

A

blood and lymph

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21
Q

give examples of supporting CT

A

cartilage and bone

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22
Q

give examples of support cells

A

fibroblasts, chondrocytes, osteocytes, myofibroblasts, adipocytes

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23
Q

what are collagen fibres?

A

Long, straight, branched, strong, flexible

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24
Q

what are reticular fibres?

A

(network) thinner than collagen, forms branching interwoven framework

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25
Q

what are elastic fibres?

A

Branched, wavy, after stretching returns to normal

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26
Q

what are the classifications of CT?

A

embryonic, proper, cartilage, bone, vascular

27
Q

what is embryonic CT?

A

Undifferentiated- mesenchyme

during development migrates & interacts with other tissues to form organs

28
Q

which mesenchyme persists past embryonic period?

A

cells around BV – fibroblasts - repair

umbilical cord - mucus CT - turgid consistency

29
Q

what cells are found in CT proper?

A

fibroblast – large spindle shaped cell

30
Q

what is the function of CT proper?

A

Produce collagen, elastic & reticular fibres

31
Q

how many types of CT proper are there?

A

Six basic types distinguished by loose flexible matrix, and type and arrangement of fibres

32
Q

what is loose CT?

A

binding and packing – flexible - strength in all directions

33
Q

give an example of where loose CT is found

A

Skin to underlying muscle

34
Q

what does loose CT surround?

A

blood vessels/nerves

35
Q

what is dense regular CT?

A

Densely packed collagen fibres parallel to direction of force

36
Q

give examples of dense regular CT

A

tendons and ligaments

37
Q

what is dense irregular CT?

A

densely packed collagen fibres - interwoven-strength in all directions

38
Q

give examples of dense irregular CT

A

dermis of skin

submucosa of GI tract

39
Q

what is elastic CT?

A

Elastic fibres (irregular arrangement & yellow) stretch 1.5 times and return

40
Q

give examples of elastic CT?

A

walls of large arteries

portions of the larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes

41
Q

what is reticular CT?

A

network reticular fibres woven - jellylike matrix

42
Q

give examples of reticular CT

A

forms framework of organs such as liver and spleen

43
Q

what is adipose CT?

A

cells store fat droplets – swell - food reserve, protects organs, insulator

44
Q

give examples of adipose CT?

A

hypodermis of skin, surface of heart, breast, surrounds joints

45
Q

what cell is found in cartilage?

A

chondrocyte

46
Q

what is cartilage?

A

semisolid matrix with marked elastic properties

47
Q

what is the function of cartilage?

A

supportive and protective CT frequently associated with bone

48
Q

is cartilage vascularised or avascular?

A

Avascular - difficult to heal

49
Q

how many types of cartilage are there?

A

3 types - based on type and amount of fibres embedded within matrix

50
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

51
Q

where is hyaline cartilage?

A

between tips of ribs, bones of sternum, covering bone surfaces at synovial joints, supporting larynx, trachea and bronchi

52
Q

what is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

provide stiff but flexible support, reduces friction between bony surfaces

53
Q

where is elastic cartilage found?

A

auricle of external ear, epiglottis, auditory canal, cuneiform cartilages of larynx

54
Q

what is the function of elastic cartilage?

A

provides support but tolerates distortion without damage and return to original shape

55
Q

where is fibrocartilage found?

A

pads within knee joints, between pubic bones of pelvis, intervertebral discs

56
Q

what is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

resists to compression, prevents bone-to-bone contract, limits relative movement

57
Q

what cells are found in bone?

A

osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte

58
Q

what are the physical properties of bone?

A

rigid – hardness due to calcium phosphate

flexibility due to collagen fibres

59
Q

what are the characteristics of bone?

A

Metabolically active

Rich vascular supply

60
Q

how many types of bone are there?

A

2 types - compact/dense

spongy/cancellous

61
Q

what is compact bone?

A

hard outer layer

62
Q

what is spongy bone?

A

porous, vascular inner layer- provides space for marrow - blood cells

63
Q

what cells are found in blood?

A

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes (platelets)

64
Q

what are the characteristics of blood?

A

Highly specialised – viscous

Liquid plasma matrix

IMS (52 decks)

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