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IMS > INTRO TO ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

INTRO TO ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

define anatomy

A

science of structure

relationships revealed by dissection

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2
Q

define physiology

A

science of body functions

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3
Q

name the subdivision of anatomy

A

microscopic and macroscopic anatomy

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4
Q

give examples of microscopic anatomy

A

Cytology

Histology

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5
Q

give examples of macroscopic anatomy

A 
Embryology
Developmental
Pathological
Radiographic
Systemic vs Regional
Surface
Surgical
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6
Q

give examples of subdivisions of physiology

A

Cell, Systems, Pathophysiology, Exercise, Neurophysiology, Reproductive, Endocrinology, Cardiovascular, Immunophysiology, Respiratory, Renal

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7
Q

define palpation

A

examiner feels body surfaces with the hands

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8
Q

give an example of palpation

A

pulse and heart rate determination

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9
Q

define auscultation

A

examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs

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10
Q

give an example of auscultation

A

listening to the lungs or heart with a stethoscope

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11
Q

define percussion

A

examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo

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12
Q

give an example of percussion

A

looking for masses (dull sound) or air (tympanic or hyper-resonant)

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13
Q

what is the prone position?

A

If the body is lying face down

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14
Q

what is the supine position?

A

If the body is lying face up

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15
Q

what is the cephalic region?

A

head

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16
Q

what is the thoracic region?

A

chest

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17
Q

what is the abdominal region?

A

abdomen

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18
Q

what is the pelvic region?

A

pelvis

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19
Q

what is the cranial region?

A

skull

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20
Q

what is the brachial region?

A

arm

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21
Q

what is the patellar region?

A

knee cap

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22
Q

what is the gluteal region?

A

relating to gluteal muscles, buttock

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23
Q

what is the lumbar region?

A

loin

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24
Q

what is the axially region?

A

armpit

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25
Q

what is the palmer region?

A

palm

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26
Q

what is the plantar region?

A

foot/sole

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27
Q

what is the femoral region?

A

thigh

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28
Q

what is the popliteal region?

A

back of the knee

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29
Q

what is the antecubital region?

A

front of the elbow

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30
Q

what is the olecranal region?

A

back of the elbow

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31
Q

what is the sacral region?

A

bottom of the spine

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32
Q

what is the scapular region?

A

shoulder blade

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33
Q

what is the acromial region?

A

shoulder

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34
Q

what is the crural region?

A

leg

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35
Q

what is the carpal region?

A

wrist

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36
Q

what is the rural region?

A

calf

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37
Q

define medial

A

towards the middle

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38
Q

define lateral

A

away from the midline

39
Q

define superior

A

towards the head

40
Q

define inferior

A

towards the feet

41
Q

define anterior

A

towards the front

42
Q

define posterior

A

towards the back

43
Q

define dorsal

44
Q

define ventral

45
Q

define rostral

A

towards the face/beak/eyes

top+spinal cord

46
Q

define caudal

A

posterior part of brain

47
Q

define proximal

A

towards the joint

48
Q

define distal

A

away from the joint

49
Q

define superficial

A

close to the skin

50
Q

define deep

A

away from the skin, internal surfaces

51
Q

define contralateral

A

opposite side of the body

52
Q

define ipsilateral

A

same side of the body

53
Q

define sagittal

A

vertical plane

54
Q

define midsagittal/median

A

divides equal R+L sides of the body

55
Q

define frontal/coronal

A

thought the side, front and back plane

56
Q

define transverse

A

horizontal plane

57
Q

define oblique

A

at a slant

58
Q

what are body cavities?

A

spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs

59
Q

what is the dorsal cavity lined by?

60
Q

what is the cranial cavity formed by and contain?

A

formed by skull and contains brain

61
Q

what is the vertebral cavity formed by and contain?

A

formed by vertebral column and contains spinal cord

62
Q

what is the pleural cavity lined by?

A

pleura and peritoneum

63
Q

what are the 3 ventral cavities?

A

thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities

64
Q

what is the function of the mediastinum?

A

divides the thoracic cavity into two pleural cavities

65
Q

what does the pleural cavity enclose?

66
Q

what does the pericardial cavity surround?

67
Q

what does the mediastinum contain?

A

all the thoracic viscera except the lungs

68
Q

what is the abdominopelvic cavity divided into?

A

the superior abdominal and inferior pelvic cavity

69
Q

what does the viscera of the abdominal cavity include?

A

stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine,most of the large intestine

70
Q

what does the viscera of the pelvic cavity include?

A

urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal f + m reproductive structures

71
Q

what is medical imaging?

A

Specialised branch of anatomy and physiology essential for the diagnosis of many disorders

72
Q

what is the function of medical imaging?

A

to view inside the body to observe whether anatomy is present in order to diagnose disease

73
Q

what is conventional radiography?

A

A single burst of x-rays

74
Q

what kind of image is produced by conventional radiography?

A

Produces 2-D image on film

Poor resolution of soft tissues

75
Q

what is the major use of conventional radiography?

A

use in osteology

76
Q

give examples of conventional radiography?

A

Chest x-ray (CXR)

Abdominal x-ray (AXR)

77
Q

what is Computed Tomography (CT Scan)?

A

moving x-ray beam

78
Q

what image is produced by CT scan?

A

Image produced video monitor of a cross-section through body

79
Q

what is an advantage of CT scan?

A

reveals more soft tissue detail

80
Q

what kind of image is given by CT scan?

A

Multiple scans used to build 3D views

81
Q

what is Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)?

A

Radiopaque material injected into blood vessels

82
Q

what is removed in a DSA?

A

Distracting structures removed by subtracting pre-contrast image from contrast image

83
Q

what does a DSA show?

A

Image of blood vessels is shown on a monitor

84
Q

what is Ultrasound Scan (USS)?

A

High-frequency sound waves emitted by hand-held device

85
Q

what is advantages of USS?

A

Safe, noninvasive & painless

86
Q

what is a sonogram displayed on?

A

video monitor

87
Q

what is USS used for?

A

foetal ultrasound and examination of pelvic & abdominal organs, heart and blood flow through blood vessels

88
Q

what is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?

A

Body exposed to high-energy magnetic field

89
Q

how does MRI scan work?

A

Protons align themselves relative to magnetic field

Pulse of radiowaves are used to create a video image

90
Q

when should MRI not be used?

A

Do not use on patients with metal in their body

91
Q

what is an advantage of MRI scan?

A

Reveals fine detail within soft tissues

92
Q

what is a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan?

A

Substance that emits positively charged particles is injected

93
Q

how does a PET scan work?

A

Collision with -vely charged electrons in tissues releases gamma rays
Camera detects rays & computer generates image displayed on monitor

IMS (52 decks)

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