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IMS > EPITHELIAL TISSUE > Flashcards

EPITHELIAL TISSUE Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 primitive (germ cell) layers?

A

Mesoderm / Ectoderm / Endoderm

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2
Q

what is connective tissue derived from?

A

mesoderm

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3
Q

what is muscular tissue derived from?

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

what is nervous tissue derived from?

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

what is epithelium tissue derived from?

A

meso, ecto and endoderm

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6
Q

what is epithelia?

A

tissues that serve as protective layers and/or secretory components of body organs and systems

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7
Q

what is the characteristics of epithelia?

A

Formed into tightly cohesive cellular sheets

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8
Q

what is the function of epithelia?

A

Function is to cover/line body surfaces

e.g. Alimentary canal, Exocrine ducts

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9
Q

what does epithelia form?

A

functional unit of secretory glands e.g. Salivary, Mammary, Sweat

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10
Q

what are common attributes of epithelia?

A 
Limited intercellular space 
Single/multiple layers of cells 
Free apical surfaces 
Basement membrane 
Mitotic capability
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11
Q

why does epithelia have limited intracellular space?

A

Specialised intercellular junctions hold cell memb close together - effective barrier - blocks infiltration of fluids between cells

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12
Q

why does epithelia have single/multiple layers?

A

Form linings/coverings. where diffusion/filtration is important, epithelia is single layer
where protection e.g. abrasion is needed - multiple layers

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13
Q

what is the free apical surface?

A

formed during development or at maturity. The apical surface is where cells of an epithelium face internal lumens

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14
Q

what is the basement memb?

A

opposite to the apical surface. Basal surface attaches to underlying tissues via basement memb derived from underlying CT.

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15
Q

why does epithelia have mitotic capability?

A

Epithelia covering/lining tissues are constantly subjected to wear and tear. This enables repair and regeneration.

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16
Q

what are epithelia’s distinguishing features?

A

All the vital traffic of the body passes through epithelial layer. e.g. digested food, oxygen, secretions
High capacity for regeneration.e.g. wound healing, intestinal abrasion

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17
Q

what are the different arrangements of cells in epithelia?

A

Simple, Pseudostratified, Stratified

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18
Q

what are the different cell shapes in epithelia?

A

Squamous , Cuboidal, Columnar, Transitional

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19
Q

what is simple epithelia?

A

one cell thick

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20
Q

what is stratified epithelia?

A

many cells thick but only bottom layer in contact with basement memb

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21
Q

what is pseudostratified epithelia?

A

appear more than one cell thick but all cells rest on basement memb

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22
Q

what do squamous cell look like?

A

flattened cells like paving stones

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23
Q

what do columnar cells look like?

A

cells are taller than they are wide

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24
Q

what do cuboidal cells look like?

A

cells are of similar height depth and width

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25
Q

what do transitional cells look like?

A

cells in layers which change their shape when they are stretched

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26
Q

where is simple squamous found?

A

alveoli & capillaries of lungs

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27
Q

where is simple cubical found?

A

kidney tubule

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28
Q

where is simple columnar found?

A

small intestine

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29
Q

where is transitional epithelia found?

A

only in urinary tract

stretches to accommodate fluid changes

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30
Q

where is stratified squamous found?

A

oesophagus

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31
Q

where is keratinised stratified squamous found?

A

only found in skin

32
Q

where is pseudostratfied epithelia found?

A

trachea, nasal mucosa

33
Q

where is stratified cuboidal found?

A

sweat gland duct

34
Q

where is stratified columnar found?

A

salivary gland duct

35
Q

why is the epithelial surface subject to modifications?

A

Due to wide variety of functions – plasma memb often specialised to enhance functions+maintain cellular integrity

36
Q

what are the modifications of the epithelial surface?

A

Free luminal surface
Basal fixed surface
Lateral surface

37
Q

what is the basement membrane?

A

Separation from the underlying CT

38
Q

what is the function of the basement membrane?

A

acts to support epithelia a selectively permeable filter between epithelium and CT

39
Q

what is the basal lamina?

A

supportive sheet between epithelium and underlying CT

40
Q

what does the basement membrane consist of?

A

basal lamina plus underlying reticular fibre layer

41
Q

what is the microvilli?

A

Finger-like extensions of the plasma memb of apical epithelial cell

42
Q

what is the function of the microvilli and where is it found?

A

Increase surface area for absorption

e.g. Small Intestine

43
Q

what is the cilia?

A

Whip-like, motile extensions

44
Q

what is the function of the cilia and where is it found?

A

Moves mucus over epithelial surface, in one direction e.g. Trachea and Resp Bronchus

45
Q

what are desmosomes?

A

adhesive spots on lateral sides

involves proteins called cadherins

46
Q

where are tight junctions found?

A

at apical area

47
Q

what are tight junctions?

A

plasma memb of adjacent cells fuse,

nothing passes

48
Q

give an example of where tight junctions are found

A

GI tract, doesn’t let enzymes from gut into blood stream

49
Q

what are gap junctions?

A

spot-like junction occurring anywhere

lets small molecules pass

50
Q

what is the glandular epithelium?

A

aggregates of epithelial cells clustered together to perform specific secretory/excretory function

51
Q

what do glandular epithelium secrete?

A

hormones, enzymes, milk, sweat, mucous,oil

52
Q

what is an exocrine gland?

A

pour products into ducts that open into lumen of organ or onto the skin

53
Q

what is an endocrine gland?

A

ductless glands – secrete into empty tissues spaces – eventually enter blood stream

54
Q

what is a merocrine gland?

A

e.g. salivary gland - secretion passes from cells without damage to plasma membrane – exocytosis

55
Q

what is a holocrine gland?

A

e.g. sebaceous gland –cellular debris part of secretion (sebum)
involves death of the cell

56
Q

what is an apocrine gland?

A

e.g. mammary gland –

apical end pinched off

57
Q

how do most glands secrete products?

A

merocrine

58
Q

what is a simple gland?

A

single tube

59
Q

what is a compound gland?

A

branched duct system

60
Q

what is a secretory gland?

A

Tubular, Acinar/Alveolar, Saccular (pouch like)

61
Q

what is an epithelial membrane?

A

Thin sheets of flexible tissue that line or cover parts of the body

62
Q

what does an epithelial membrane contain?

A

contain epithelium and an underlying CT (mucous, serous, cutaneous memb)

63
Q

what are synovial membranes?

A

contain only CT, and line the cavities of synovial joints

64
Q

what are serous membranes?

A

simple squamous

resting on thin layer loose CT

65
Q

where are serous membranes found?

A

line closed body cavities

serous fluid – lubrication

66
Q

what are mucous membranes?

A

lines cavities open to outside

67
Q

where are mucous membranes found?

A

mucus cells/glands lumen of digestive (microvilli), reproductive, resp tracts (ciliated)

68
Q

what are cutaneous membranes?

A

skin

stratified squamous epithelium

69
Q

where are synovial membranes found?

A

joints synovial fluid

epithelial layer incomplete

70
Q

what is the function of serous membranes?

A

cover the surface of organs that are not exposed to the outside & secrete a watery fluid

71
Q

what are the 2 layers of serous membrane?

A

parietal and visceral

72
Q

what is the parietal layer?

A

attaches to the body wall around the organ

73
Q

what is the visceral layer?

A

attaches to the organs themselves

74
Q

what does cutaneous membranes line?

A

skin, covering the outer surface of the body

75
Q

what does synovial membranes line?

A

cavities of freely movable joints, and contain only CT

76
Q

what do basal cell carcinoma (BCC) show?

A

nodular masses of basaloid cells

77
Q

what do squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) show?

A

irregular masses of atypical epidermal keratinocyte tumour masses

IMS (52 decks)

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