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IMS > ENDOCRINE WORKSHOP > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE WORKSHOP Flashcards

1
Q

what does the endocrine system contain?

A 
Higher centres(brain)
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Gonads (ovaries,testis)
thyroid
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2
Q

what are common endocrine disorders?

A

Diabetes mellitus
(Type 1, Type 2)
Thyroid disease
(Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism)

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3
Q

what is the gonadal function in females?

A

f

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4
Q

what is the gonadal function in males?

A

m

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5
Q

what is the Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis?

A

h

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6
Q

what is the Hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis?

A

h

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7
Q

how is aldosterone secretion controlled?

A

independent of cortisol secretion

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8
Q

what hormones are involved in homeostasis?

A

insulin
glucagon
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
Catecholamines

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9
Q

what is insulin secreted by?

A

by pancreatic beta cells

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10
Q

what do beta cells sense?

A

glucose

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11
Q

what does insulin inhibit?

A

hepatic glucose release

NEFA release from adipose tissue

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12
Q

what does insulin down regulate?

A

glucagon secretion

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13
Q

what does insulin promote?

A

tissue glucose uptake

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14
Q

what is glucagon secreted by?

A

pancreas alpha cells

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15
Q

what is the secretion of glucagon negatively regulated by?

A

insulin

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16
Q

what is the secretion of glucagon positively regulated by?

A

catecholamines

17
Q

what does glucagon promote?

A

glucose release (liver)

18
Q

what does glucagon stimulate?

A

NEFA release adipose tissue

19
Q

what is GLP-1 secreted by?

A

small intestine L cells

20
Q

what is GLP-1 secretion promoted by?

A

insulin

21
Q

what does GLP-1 act on?

A

beta cells -Promotes glucose mediated insulin secretion

22
Q

what does GLP-1 inhibit?

A

glucagon secretion

23
Q

what does GLP-1 delay?

A

gastric emptying

Suppresses appetite

24
Q

does GLP-1 have a long or short half-life?

A

very short

25
Q

give examples of Catecholamines

A

adrenaline noradrenaline

26
Q

what do Catecholamines include?

A

Hormones and neurotransmitters

27
Q

what do Catecholamines promote?

A

glucose release from liver

as hormones

28
Q

what do Catecholamines stimulate?

A

glucagon secretion

as neurotransmitters

29
Q

what are the classifications of diabetes?

A

type 1 and type 2

30
Q

what is type 1 diabetes?

A

Young age

rapid onset, life threatening. Autoimmunity

31
Q

what is type 2 diabetes?

A

Middle age
Metabolic, weight gain, excercise
Hypertension; dyslipidaemia; increase in CHD

32
Q

what is the management of type 1 diabetes?

A

giving insulin

33
Q

what is the management of type 2 diabetes?

A

lifestyle; diet exercise ; prevention

IMS (52 decks)

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