Monkeypox Virus (MPV) Flashcards
Describe the epidemiology of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)
It is endemic in central and west Africa with cases outside Africa usually detected in returned travellers.
Describe the current knowledge on the spread of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)
Several countries have reported cases in men who have sex with men although this virus is not generally considered sexually transmitted. Human to human transmission results from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions (including during sexual contact) or recently contaminated objects (e.g. bedsheets).
Describe the incubation period of Monkeypox Virus.
The incubation period is 5 to 21 days but is typically 6 to 13 days.
Describe the typical prognosis of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)
Monkeypox is usually a self-limiting disease with the symptoms resolving within 2 to 4 weeks.
What are 5 potential complications of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
- Secondary infections
- Bronchopneumonia
- Sepsis
- Encephalitis
- Loss of vision (if the cornea is involved).
What are 6 prodromal symptoms of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
- Fever
- Headache
- Back pain
- Myalgia
- Fatigue
- Lymphadenopathy
What is the typical time of onset of the rash associated with Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
The rash usually commences within 1 to 3 days of the fever.
Describe the typical presentation of the rash associated with Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
It starts as a macular rash that develops into papules, vesicles, then pustules, which crust and fall off
Where does the rash associated with Monkeypox Virus (MPV) typically occur?
It usually commences in the mouth, spreading to face and extremities, although lesions may be resent on the palms and soles, genitalia and eye (conjunctiva and cornea)
What precautions are required for management of suspected cases of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
Use airborne and contact precautions in addition to standard (i.e. respirator, goggles, gown and gloves).
What history should be taken in a suspected case of Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
Obtain travel history, detail on contacts and immunisation history.
Describe the isolation requirements with a patient positive for Monkeypox Virus (MPV).
Isolate the suspected case, including asking the patient to wear a surgical mask. Cover lesions.
Describe the reporting requirements with Monkeypox Virus (MPV).
Report suspected cases to the Communicable Disease Control Branch urgently by phoning 1300 232 272. Do not wait for laboratory confirmation. This enables timely contact tracing and public health management of close contacts to prevent secondary cases.
What should be done to discuss appropriate testing for Monkeypox Virus (MPV)?
Contact the SA Pathology on-call microbiologist on 8223 3123 to discuss appropriate testing.
Describe the process of testing for Monkeypox Virus (MPV).
Collect swabs from the lesion (vesicles, pustules, lesion crust) in a liquid transport medium for a monkeypox PCR, wearing appropriate PPE. Double bag swabs and place in a secondary plastic container.
