Endocrine System 1 - Pineal Gland Flashcards
Where is the pineal gland located?
In the brain
What 3 things does the pineal gland contain?
Neurons
Neuroglia
Pinealocytes
What hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
How does light effect melatonin production?
Light reduces melatonin production, therefore its production is low during the day and higher at night time.
How does light enter the body?
Through the visual pathways.
What is melatonin synthesised from?
The neurotransmitter serotonin
What is the main function of melatonin?
To coordinate circadian rhythms
Why is it thought that melatonin may be associated with Seasonal Affective Disorder?
Due to the increased production of melatonin during dark periods, it is believed it may be associated with Seasonal Affective Disorder, also known as SAD
What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) characterised by?
Changes in moods and sleeping patterns (similar to depression).
What is a secondary implication of melatonin?
Melatonin is also implicated in the inhibition of some reproductive functions. It has been shown in some mammals to slow maturation of the gonads (reproductive organs), and possibly plays a role in puberty as it peaks during this time and slowly declines with age until it no longer has a functional role in this area.
What is a hormone known as an effective antioxidant?
Melatonin. It is an effective antioxidant, which protects the Central Nervous System neurons from damage from free radicals produced in neurons, such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide.
What are pinealocytes?
Specialised secretory cells
