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Pathology II > Lecture 8: Aural Pathology > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Aural Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the external ear

A

auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus

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2
Q

Identify structures in red and green

A

Red: auricle/pinnae
Green: external acoustic meatus

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3
Q

histo of external ear- what is indicated by 1

A

Ceruminous glands

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4
Q

What are the common routes of injury to external ear

A
  1. Extension from external environment
  2. Hematogenous
  3. Extension from middle ear
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5
Q

What are some common responses from injury to external ear

A

inflammation, fibrosis, neoplasia, hyperplasia

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6
Q

what is otitis externa

A

inflammation of external ear

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7
Q

what species is otitis externa most common in

A

dogs

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8
Q

what are some causes of otitis externa

A

hypersensitivity reactions, ectoparasites, FB—> secondarily infected with bacteria and yeasts

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9
Q

what are some sequela of otitis externa

A

stenosis—> progression to otitis media

patient induced aural hematoma

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10
Q

what are some causes of infarction to external ear

A
  1. bacterial septicemia (salmonella)
  2. Vasculitis
  3. Viruses- FIP
  4. Frostbite
  5. Toxins- ergot
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11
Q

What wrong in these pictures

A

left: frostbite
Right: infarct- bacterial septicema

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12
Q

what are some gross findings of aural hematomas

A

swollen, warm, hyperemic, heavy, heals by fibrosis, may be deformed

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13
Q

cat ear- what ectoparasite is likely

A

notoedres cati

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14
Q

Pig ear- what ectoparasite is likely

A

sarcoptes scabei

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15
Q

rabbit ear- what ectoparasite is likely

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

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16
Q

what is dermatophilosis

A

rain rot

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17
Q

what is cause of dermatophilosis

A

dermatophilus congolensis

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18
Q

t or f: dermatophilus congolensis is zoonotic

A

true

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19
Q

what is pathogenesis of dermatophilosis

A

transmitted from dam to offspring

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20
Q

what is the gross appearance of dermatophilosis

A

crusting and exudative dermatitis

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21
Q

sheep presents with crusting on body and this was histo- what wrong

A

Dermatophilosis- caused by dermatophilus congolensi

22
Q

what are some most common external ear neoplasms in dogs

A
  1. Sebaceous gland tumors
  2. Histiocytoma
  3. Plasmocytomas
  4. MCt
23
Q

what are some of the most common external ear neoplasms in cats

A
  1. Basal cell tumor
  2. Vascular tumor (hemagioma/hemagiosarcoma)
  3. SCC
24
Q

what are some common external ear neoplasms in dogs and cats

And where do they originate

A

adenoma, adenocarcinoma

Ceruminous gland origin

25
Q

cat Ear- notice the bilateral tumors and in lightly pigmented areas- what is top differential

A

SCC

26
Q

what is auricular agenesis/aplasia

A

no external ear development

27
Q

what species/breeds is auricular hypoplasia normal in

A

La Mancha goat and Scottish fold cats

28
Q

what is atresia of external acoustic meatus and what is cause

A

narrowing of external acoustic meatus
Cause: congenital or secondary to trauma

29
Q

the middle ear communicates with the pharynx via the __

A

eustachian tube

30
Q

what are the routes of injury in the middle ear

A
  1. Migration along vascular or neural pathways
  2. Extension from perforation of tympanic membrane- most common
  3. Nasopharyngeal ascending infections via Eustachian tube
31
Q

what are some common responses to injury of middle ear

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Impaired mucociliary clearance
  3. Formation of inflammatory polyps
  4. Horners syndrome
32
Q

what is otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

33
Q

what species most commonly get otitis media

A

ruminants and pigs

34
Q

what causes otitis media in ruminants and pigs/ what route

A

nasopharyngeal ascending infection

35
Q

what wrong

A

bilateral suppurative otitis media

36
Q

what species are nasopharyngeal polyps most common in

A

cats <2yrs

37
Q

what are some predisposing factors to nasopharyngeal polyps

A

chronic infections, otitis media, congenital defects

38
Q

what are some clinical signs of nasopharyngeal polyps

A

upper respiratory discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, strider, voice change, dysphasia, head tilt

39
Q

from cat- what wrong

A

Nasopharyngeal polyp

40
Q

what cranial nerves are present in inner ear

A

V, VII, and VIII

41
Q

all cranial nerves in inner ear are embedded in ___

A

petrous portion of temporal bone

42
Q

what is the function of inner ear

A

vestibular system- critical for balance

43
Q

what are some routes of injury to inner ear

A
  1. Extension from middle ear- most common
  2. Migration along vascular or neural pathways
44
Q

what are some common responses to inner ear injuries

A
  1. Sensory cell degeneration/ death
  2. Inflammation with extension into surrounding bone—> osteomyelitis
45
Q

what are some clinical signs of vestibular disease

A

head tilt, circling facial paralysis, ataxia

46
Q

what are some causes of vestibular disease

A

congenital, idiopathic, concurrent otitis media/interna, aural or intracranial neoplasia

47
Q

what is otitis interna

A

inflammation of inner ear

48
Q

What wrong and what can it result in

A

otitis interna—> can result in meningitis, ventriculitis, encephalitis

49
Q

what wrong and what cause

A

aural plaques caused by papillomavirus

50
Q

what is feline Ceruminous cystomatosis

A

benign, idiopathic cystic dilation and non-neoplastic proliferation of Ceruminous glands

51
Q

Cat ear- what wrong

A

Feline Ceruminous cystomatosis

Pathology II (8 decks)

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