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Pathology II > Lecture 12: GI IV- large animal emphasis > Flashcards

Lecture 12: GI IV- large animal emphasis Flashcards

1
Q

What wrong

A

Atresia coli

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2
Q

what wrong and pathogenesis

A

Colonic agangliosis- aka overo lethal white foal syndrome

Mutation results in defect of neural crest migration—> no ganglia within colon—> lack peristalsis—> functional obstruction

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3
Q

what viruses cause neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets

A

rotavirus, coronavirus

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4
Q

what Protozoa cause neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets

A

cryptosporidium, coccidia

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5
Q

what bacteria cause neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets

A

diarrheagenic/pathogenic E. Coli

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6
Q

What species/age affected by coronavirus and rotavirus

A

calves/piglets under 2 weeks of age

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7
Q

Rotavirus associated with diarrhea in __ and __

A

small ruminants and foals

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8
Q

how does coronavirus and rotavirus cause diarrhea

A

affect villus tip epithelial cells (crypts spared)—> malabsoprtive diarrhea

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9
Q

based on histopath- what virus likely caused this appearance and what do you see

A

villus atrophy
Rotavirus and coronavirus

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10
Q

what disease is porcine enteric coronavirus associated with

A

transmissible gastroenteritis

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11
Q

porcine enteric coronavirus has high __ in ___

A

mortality in piglets < 2 weeks old

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12
Q

what does transmissible gastroenteritis/porcine enteric coronavirus cause in pigs

A

severe villus atrophy—> malabsoprtive diarrhea

High mortality

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13
Q

how do you dx porcine enteric coronavirus

A

PCR

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14
Q

how is cryptosporidium transmitted

A

fecal oral

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15
Q

How does cryptosporidium parvum cause diarrhea

A

ingestion of oocytes that contain infected sporozoites that are released in intestines and atttach to epithelial cells—villus atrophy/ crypt hyperplasia—> stimulates prostaglandins—> malabsorptive diarrhea

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16
Q

From calf- what Protozoa likely caused this appearance and diarrhea

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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17
Q

What coccidia causes diarrhea in piglets

A

isospora

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18
Q

what coccidia cause diarrhea in calves

A

emeria

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19
Q

cow presents with diarrhea, perform histo- what is circled/what is dx

A

Eimeria spp (coccidia) causing diarrhea

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20
Q

how do you dx coccidia

A

organisms in histo or fecal sample

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21
Q

which is zoonotic cryptosporidium or coccidia

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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22
Q

how does ETEC cause diarrhea

A

binds to epithelial cells via fimbrae and secretes toxins—> hypersecretory diarrhea

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23
Q

how do you dx ETEC

A

culture and PCR for fimbral adhesion genes in E. Coli

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24
Q

how does STEC cause diarrhea

A

attaches to epithelial cells and disrupts Microvilli—> produce shiva toxin and cause enterocyte lysis—> hemorrhagic enterocolitis and malabsoprtive diarrhea

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25
Q

how do you dx STEC

A

culture and PCR for shiva toxin genes on E. Coli

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26
Q

what pathogen can cause hemorrhagic diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans

A

STEC

27
Q

what is pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

shiga toxin causes severe damage to endothelial cells—> microthrombi formation and thrombocytopenia—> RBC damage—> widespread hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure

28
Q

what caused this

A

STEC

29
Q

who does lawsonia intracellularis effect

A

horses and pigs

30
Q

what does lawsonia intracellularis cause/ disease name

A

proliferative enteritis

31
Q

what is pathogenesis for Lawsonia intracellularis

A

bacteria infect the crypt epithelial cells—> bacteria inhibit crypt maturation—> proliferation/hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells—> proliferative enteritis

32
Q

from horse- what dx and cause

A

cause: lawsonia intracellularis
Dx: proliferative enteritis

33
Q

what salmonella sevovar has broadest host range

A

tymphimurium

34
Q

what is the main mechanism of salmonella

A

cellular necrosis, lysis, inflammation, diarrhea due to increased secretion of chloride

35
Q

what is the pathogenesis of acute enterocolitis caused by salmonella

A

massive influx of neutrophils—>mucosal necrosis and fibrin exudation—> fibrinonectroic and suppurative inflammation

36
Q

from calf- what bacteria could have caused this fibrinonecrotic and suppurative inflammation

A

Salmonella

37
Q

what can salmonella cause in pigs

A

ulcerative proctisis—> fibrosis—> stricture—> obstruction and megacolon

38
Q

from pig- what is likely cause

A

Salmonella

39
Q

what type of enterocolitis do C. Perfringes type A-E cause

A

necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis

40
Q

From pig- what likely caused this

A

clostridia spp

41
Q

what C. Perfringes causes enterotoxemia

A

type D, episolon toxin

42
Q

Describe these lesions and what caused

A

Pulpy kidney and bilateral encephalomalacia
Cause: clostridia pefringes type D epsilon toxin

43
Q

what is pathogenesis of enterotoxemia caused by C. Perfringes type D, epsilon toxin

A

over eating—> undigested material in SI—> altered microflora population—> overgrowth of clostridium—> increase epsilon toxin

44
Q

what is colitis X

A

diagnosis by rule out/exclusion, colitis in which diagnosis can’t be identified

45
Q

Peyers patch from cow- what dx

A

Mucosal disease of BVDV

46
Q

Cow ileum- what is dx, what is cause

A

Paratuerculosis/ Johne’s disease
Cause: mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

47
Q

what type of enteritis does johne’s dz have

A

granulomatous enteritis

48
Q

how do you dx Johne’s disease

A

histopath, acid fast

49
Q

mycobacterium avium subspecies Pseudotuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that effects where and causes what

A

macrophages—> granulomatous enteritis

50
Q

what does rhodococcus equi cause in foals

A

pneumonia and can lead to pyogranulomatous and ulcerative colitis

51
Q

what is pathogenesis of R. Equi

A

pneumonia—> coughed up and swallowed bacteria—> infection of macrophages and GALT—> abscess, suppurative to granulomatous lympahdentitis, pyogranulomatous to ulcerative colitis

52
Q

6 month old foal euthanized for recurrent respiratory and colic sifns- necropsy performed- what os likely cause

A

R. Equi

53
Q

what is cause of Potomac horse fever

A

neorickettsia risticii

54
Q

what is disease name for brachyspiria hyodysenteriae

A

swine dysentery

55
Q

From pig- what wrong and what cause

A

Crypt hyperplasia, necrotizing/hemorrhagic

Cause: brachyspiria hyodysenteriae

Dx: swine dysentery

56
Q

Brachyspira and lawsonia look similar, except brachyspira is in the __ and is more __

A

colon, necrotizing/hemorrhagic

57
Q

what is pathogenesis of intestinal displacement

A

displacement—> reduced arterial perfusion or obstruction of efferent veins—> ischemia

58
Q

what is pathogenesis of intestinal strangulation

A

strangulation—> occlude BF—> segmental intestinal necrosis

59
Q

what is pathogenesis of ischemia/repercussion injury

A

return O2–> ROS—> free radicals mediate cellular damage

60
Q

where do horses get NSAID induced colitis

A

right dorsal colon

61
Q

what is pathogenesis of NSAID induced ulcerative colitis

A

NSAIDS-> inhibit PG’s—> decrease PG’s—> decrease phospholipid secretions—> decrease mucosal protection—> ulcers in RDC

62
Q

what does Strongylus vulgaris cause and where

A

verminous arteritis/thrombosis of cranial mesenteric artery

63
Q

how can S. Vulagaris effect intestinal tract/what is pathogenesis

A

detachment of parasites or bits of thrombus—> vascular occlusion—> infarction of cecum/colon

Pathology II (19 decks)

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