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Pathology II > Lecture 12: GI IV- large animal emphasis > Flashcards

Lecture 12: GI IV- large animal emphasis Flashcards

1
Q

What wrong

A

Atresia coli

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2
Q

what wrong and pathogenesis

A

Colonic agangliosis- aka overo lethal white foal syndrome

Mutation results in defect of neural crest migration—> no ganglia within colon—> lack peristalsis—> functional obstruction

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3
Q

what viruses cause neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets

A

rotavirus, coronavirus

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4
Q

what Protozoa cause neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets

A

cryptosporidium, coccidia

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5
Q

what bacteria cause neonatal diarrhea in calves and piglets

A

diarrheagenic/pathogenic E. Coli

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6
Q

What species/age affected by coronavirus and rotavirus

A

calves/piglets under 2 weeks of age

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7
Q

Rotavirus associated with diarrhea in __ and __

A

small ruminants and foals

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8
Q

how does coronavirus and rotavirus cause diarrhea

A

affect villus tip epithelial cells (crypts spared)—> malabsoprtive diarrhea

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9
Q

based on histopath- what virus likely caused this appearance and what do you see

A

villus atrophy
Rotavirus and coronavirus

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10
Q

what disease is porcine enteric coronavirus associated with

A

transmissible gastroenteritis

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11
Q

porcine enteric coronavirus has high __ in ___

A

mortality in piglets < 2 weeks old

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12
Q

what does transmissible gastroenteritis/porcine enteric coronavirus cause in pigs

A

severe villus atrophy—> malabsoprtive diarrhea

High mortality

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13
Q

how do you dx porcine enteric coronavirus

A

PCR

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14
Q

how is cryptosporidium transmitted

A

fecal oral

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15
Q

How does cryptosporidium parvum cause diarrhea

A

ingestion of oocytes that contain infected sporozoites that are released in intestines and atttach to epithelial cells—villus atrophy/ crypt hyperplasia—> stimulates prostaglandins—> malabsorptive diarrhea

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16
Q

From calf- what Protozoa likely caused this appearance and diarrhea

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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17
Q

What coccidia causes diarrhea in piglets

A

isospora

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18
Q

what coccidia cause diarrhea in calves

A

emeria

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19
Q

cow presents with diarrhea, perform histo- what is circled/what is dx

A

Eimeria spp (coccidia) causing diarrhea

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20
Q

how do you dx coccidia

A

organisms in histo or fecal sample

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21
Q

which is zoonotic cryptosporidium or coccidia

A

cryptosporidium parvum

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22
Q

how does ETEC cause diarrhea

A

binds to epithelial cells via fimbrae and secretes toxins—> hypersecretory diarrhea

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23
Q

how do you dx ETEC

A

culture and PCR for fimbral adhesion genes in E. Coli

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24
Q

how does STEC cause diarrhea

A

attaches to epithelial cells and disrupts Microvilli—> produce shiva toxin and cause enterocyte lysis—> hemorrhagic enterocolitis and malabsoprtive diarrhea

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25
how do you dx STEC
culture and PCR for shiva toxin genes on E. Coli
26
what pathogen can cause hemorrhagic diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans
STEC
27
what is pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome
shiga toxin causes severe damage to endothelial cells—> microthrombi formation and thrombocytopenia—> RBC damage—> widespread hemorrhage, hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure
28
what caused this
STEC
29
who does lawsonia intracellularis effect
horses and pigs
30
what does lawsonia intracellularis cause/ disease name
proliferative enteritis
31
what is pathogenesis for Lawsonia intracellularis
bacteria infect the crypt epithelial cells—> bacteria inhibit crypt maturation—> proliferation/hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells—> proliferative enteritis
32
from horse- what dx and cause
cause: lawsonia intracellularis Dx: proliferative enteritis
33
what salmonella sevovar has broadest host range
tymphimurium
34
what is the main mechanism of salmonella
cellular necrosis, lysis, inflammation, diarrhea due to increased secretion of chloride
35
what is the pathogenesis of acute enterocolitis caused by salmonella
massive influx of neutrophils—>mucosal necrosis and fibrin exudation—> fibrinonectroic and suppurative inflammation
36
from calf- what bacteria could have caused this fibrinonecrotic and suppurative inflammation
Salmonella
37
what can salmonella cause in pigs
ulcerative proctisis—> fibrosis—> stricture—> obstruction and megacolon
38
from pig- what is likely cause
Salmonella
39
what type of enterocolitis do C. Perfringes type A-E cause
necrohemorrhagic enterocolitis
40
From pig- what likely caused this
clostridia spp
41
what C. Perfringes causes enterotoxemia
type D, episolon toxin
42
Describe these lesions and what caused
Pulpy kidney and bilateral encephalomalacia Cause: clostridia pefringes type D epsilon toxin
43
what is pathogenesis of enterotoxemia caused by C. Perfringes type D, epsilon toxin
over eating—> undigested material in SI—> altered microflora population—> overgrowth of clostridium—> increase epsilon toxin
44
what is colitis X
diagnosis by rule out/exclusion, colitis in which diagnosis can’t be identified
45
Peyers patch from cow- what dx
Mucosal disease of BVDV
46
Cow ileum- what is dx, what is cause
Paratuerculosis/ Johne’s disease Cause: mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
47
what type of enteritis does johne’s dz have
granulomatous enteritis
48
how do you dx Johne’s disease
histopath, acid fast
49
mycobacterium avium subspecies Pseudotuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that effects where and causes what
macrophages—> granulomatous enteritis
50
what does rhodococcus equi cause in foals
pneumonia and can lead to pyogranulomatous and ulcerative colitis
51
what is pathogenesis of R. Equi
pneumonia—> coughed up and swallowed bacteria—> infection of macrophages and GALT—> abscess, suppurative to granulomatous lympahdentitis, pyogranulomatous to ulcerative colitis
52
6 month old foal euthanized for recurrent respiratory and colic sifns- necropsy performed- what os likely cause
R. Equi
53
what is cause of Potomac horse fever
neorickettsia risticii
54
what is disease name for brachyspiria hyodysenteriae
swine dysentery
55
From pig- what wrong and what cause
Crypt hyperplasia, necrotizing/hemorrhagic Cause: brachyspiria hyodysenteriae Dx: swine dysentery
56
Brachyspira and lawsonia look similar, except brachyspira is in the __ and is more __
colon, necrotizing/hemorrhagic
57
what is pathogenesis of intestinal displacement
displacement—> reduced arterial perfusion or obstruction of efferent veins—> ischemia
58
what is pathogenesis of intestinal strangulation
strangulation—> occlude BF—> segmental intestinal necrosis
59
what is pathogenesis of ischemia/repercussion injury
return O2–> ROS—> free radicals mediate cellular damage
60
where do horses get NSAID induced colitis
right dorsal colon
61
what is pathogenesis of NSAID induced ulcerative colitis
NSAIDS-> inhibit PG’s—> decrease PG’s—> decrease phospholipid secretions—> decrease mucosal protection—> ulcers in RDC
62
what does Strongylus vulgaris cause and where
verminous arteritis/thrombosis of cranial mesenteric artery
63
how can S. Vulagaris effect intestinal tract/what is pathogenesis
detachment of parasites or bits of thrombus—> vascular occlusion—> infarction of cecum/colon

Pathology II (26 decks)

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