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Pathology II > Lecture 10: GI II- esopagus, forestomachs and stomach > Flashcards

Lecture 10: GI II- esopagus, forestomachs and stomach Flashcards

1
Q

esophagus is a muscular tube lined by __

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

what species have skeletal and smooth muscle in esophagus

A

cats and horses

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3
Q

which species just have skeletal muscle in esophagus

A

dogs and cows

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4
Q

what is this

A

megaesophagus- abnormal esophageal dilation

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5
Q

what are some signs and sequela to megaesophagus

A

signs: regurgitation, dehydration, emaciation
Sequela: aspiration pneumonia

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6
Q

what pattern of pneumonia would you expect with aspiration pneumonia from megaesophagus

A

cranioventral distribution

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7
Q

What wrong and what cause

A

megaesophagus due to vascular ring anomaly- persistent right aortic arch

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8
Q

what is the most common cause of acquired megaesophagus

A

idiopathic

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9
Q

Dog esophagus- what worm likely cause this and what type of inflammation does it result in

A

Spirocerca lupi
Granulomatous inflammation to fibrosis

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10
Q

Bovine esophagus and rumen- what wrong and what cause

A

papillomas
Cause: bovine papilloma virus 4

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11
Q

what is the pathogenesis of stuck food bolus/FB

A

pressure necrosis—> perforation or stricture

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12
Q

what wrong and what cause

A

Ulcerative esophagitis—> perforation or stricture
Causes: BVDV or FB

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13
Q

what wrong

A

esophageal stricture

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14
Q

what is the ruminant forestomach lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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15
Q

rumen pH should be between __-__

A

5.5-75

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16
Q

rumenitis is often secondary to ___

A

ruminal acidosis

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17
Q

what is the pathogenesis of ruminal acidosis

A

High grain diet—> excess carbs—> increase lactic acid—> decrease pH—> ruminal atony and increase ruminal osmotic pressure—> fluid in rumen—> hypovolemia—> circulatory shock

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18
Q

cow rumen- what wrong, what cause

A

Bacterial rumenitis- secondary to ruminal acidosis

Common causes: T. Pyogenes and F. Necrophorum

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19
Q

cow stomachs- what wrong and what cause

A

Mycotic rumenitis due to ruminal acidosis- characteristic infarct regions

Common causes: aspergillus and zygomycetes

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20
Q

from cow- what wrong and what likely cause

A

Fibrinous epicarditis/pericarditis
Fibrinous peritonitis

Due to hardware disease

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21
Q

what are the primary and secondary causes of ruminal bloat

A
  1. Primary- froathy bloat when cow is fed legumes, grain, alfalfa, clover
  2. Secondary- physical or functional obstruction
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22
Q

what is the pathogenesis of bloat

A

decreased eructation—> gas build up—> ruminal distension—>compression of diaphragm and increased intrabdominal and intraperitoneal pressure—> decreased venous return to the heart

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23
Q

from cow- who presented with extreme abdominal distension- what likely wrong and what is red arrow pointing to

A

ruminal bloat
Red arrow- bloat line- demarcation due to decreased venous return

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24
Q

Parietal cells secrete __

A

hydrochloric acid

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25
Enteroendocrine cells secrete __
hormones
26
chief cells produce __
pepsin
27
Pig stomach- what is arrow pointing at
Torus pyloricus- normal
28
horse stomach- what arrows pointing at
Margo plicatus
29
what are the two most common causes of abomasitis in calves
C. Perfringes and C. Septicum
30
abomasum of calf- what is likely cause and what wrong
abomastitis- increase gas bubbles and dark red Cause: C. Perfringens or C. Septicum
31
what are the gross lesions for chronic gastritis
thickened rugae
32
what are the microscopic lesions of chronic gastritis
lymphoplasmacytic gastritis
33
what is the cause of uremic gastritis
uremia
34
what are the gross findings of uremia gastritis
edema, congestion, thickened rugae
35
what are microscopic findings of uremic gastritis
calcification of glands, vessels, mucosa, mineralization of vessels +/- thrombus, necrosis
36
what likely cause and pathogenesis
cause: hemonchus contortus Pathogenesis: blood loss—> anemia and hypoproteinemia—> decreased oncotic pressure—> pale MM and SQ edema (bottle jaw)
37
where does hemonchus contortus live in ruminants
abomasum
38
what is likely cause of this cobblestone appearance on abomasum
ostertagia ostertagi
39
what are the microscopic lesions associated with ostetagia ostertagi
proliferation of mucus cells (aka goblet cell hyperplasia)
40
from hose- what cause this and what is name of mass
Cause: draschia megastoma Mass: brood pouch
41
what is a specific cause of gastric ulceration in pigs
Rapidly growing pigs on high grain diet—> ulceration—> massive hemorrhage
42
what are some causes of gastric ulceration in cows
mycotic, acidosis/bloat
43
what are some causes of gastric ulceration in dogs
NSAIDS, paraneoplastic syndromes, uremia
44
what two paraneoplastic syndromes cause gastric ulcers in dogs
1. Gastrinoma- secrete gastrin 2. MCT- secrete histamine Both increase gastric acid secretion
45
what causes gastric ulcers in horses
NSAIDS, stress
46
what is the most common place for gastric ulcer in dogs
gastroduodenal
47
from cow- based on the appearance of this ulcer- what is most likely cause
mycotic (aspergillus, zygomycetes), due to infarct appearance
48
GDV occurs in who
deep chested dogs
49
what happens in GDV
fundus twists, greater curvature displaced ventrally, and duodenum is moved dorsal and causally
50
what is pathogenesis of GDV and death
Enlarged stomach—> decreased blood flow back to heart—> pulmonary and cardiac depression—> shock, myocardial dysfunction
51
Abomasal displacements are most common in what cows
following patrurition
52
a volvulus can in ruminants can lead to __ due to chloride sequestration
metabolic alkalosis
53
Adenocarcinomas of stomach are common in what species
dogs
54
SCC of stomach are common in what species
horses
55
lymphoma of stomach is common in what species
cows, cats, dogs
56
leiomyoma/sarcoma of stomach common in what species
dogs
57
dog stomach- what dx
Adenocarcinoma
58
horse stomach what dx
SCC
59
one from cow one from cat- what dx for both and what cause
lymphoma Cow cause: BLV Cat: GI spontaneous
60
dog stomach- what dx
Leiomyoma- can't actually distinguish from leiomyosarcoma and GIST without IHC

Pathology II (26 decks)

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