Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology II > Lecture 10: GI II- esopagus, forestomachs and stomach > Flashcards

Lecture 10: GI II- esopagus, forestomachs and stomach Flashcards

1
Q

esophagus is a muscular tube lined by __

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what species have skeletal and smooth muscle in esophagus

A

cats and horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which species just have skeletal muscle in esophagus

A

dogs and cows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is this

A

megaesophagus- abnormal esophageal dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are some signs and sequela to megaesophagus

A

signs: regurgitation, dehydration, emaciation
Sequela: aspiration pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what pattern of pneumonia would you expect with aspiration pneumonia from megaesophagus

A

cranioventral distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What wrong and what cause

A

megaesophagus due to vascular ring anomaly- persistent right aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common cause of acquired megaesophagus

A

idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dog esophagus- what worm likely cause this and what type of inflammation does it result in

A

Spirocerca lupi
Granulomatous inflammation to fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bovine esophagus and rumen- what wrong and what cause

A

papillomas
Cause: bovine papilloma virus 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the pathogenesis of stuck food bolus/FB

A

pressure necrosis—> perforation or stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what wrong and what cause

A

Ulcerative esophagitis—> perforation or stricture
Causes: BVDV or FB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what wrong

A

esophageal stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the ruminant forestomach lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rumen pH should be between __-__

A

5.5-75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

rumenitis is often secondary to ___

A

ruminal acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the pathogenesis of ruminal acidosis

A

High grain diet—> excess carbs—> increase lactic acid—> decrease pH—> ruminal atony and increase ruminal osmotic pressure—> fluid in rumen—> hypovolemia—> circulatory shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cow rumen- what wrong, what cause

A

Bacterial rumenitis- secondary to ruminal acidosis

Common causes: T. Pyogenes and F. Necrophorum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cow stomachs- what wrong and what cause

A

Mycotic rumenitis due to ruminal acidosis- characteristic infarct regions

Common causes: aspergillus and zygomycetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

from cow- what wrong and what likely cause

A

Fibrinous epicarditis/pericarditis
Fibrinous peritonitis

Due to hardware disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the primary and secondary causes of ruminal bloat

A
  1. Primary- froathy bloat when cow is fed legumes, grain, alfalfa, clover
  2. Secondary- physical or functional obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the pathogenesis of bloat

A

decreased eructation—> gas build up—> ruminal distension—>compression of diaphragm and increased intrabdominal and intraperitoneal pressure—> decreased venous return to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

from cow- who presented with extreme abdominal distension- what likely wrong and what is red arrow pointing to

A

ruminal bloat
Red arrow- bloat line- demarcation due to decreased venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parietal cells secrete __

A

hydrochloric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Enteroendocrine cells secrete __

A

hormones

26
Q

chief cells produce __

A

pepsin

27
Q

Pig stomach- what is arrow pointing at

A

Torus pyloricus- normal

28
Q

horse stomach- what arrows pointing at

A

Margo plicatus

29
Q

what are the two most common causes of abomasitis in calves

A

C. Perfringes and C. Septicum

30
Q

abomasum of calf- what is likely cause and what wrong

A

abomastitis- increase gas bubbles and dark red
Cause: C. Perfringens or C. Septicum

31
Q

what are the gross lesions for chronic gastritis

A

thickened rugae

32
Q

what are the microscopic lesions of chronic gastritis

A

lymphoplasmacytic gastritis

33
Q

what is the cause of uremic gastritis

A

uremia

34
Q

what are the gross findings of uremia gastritis

A

edema, congestion, thickened rugae

35
Q

what are microscopic findings of uremic gastritis

A

calcification of glands, vessels, mucosa, mineralization of vessels +/- thrombus, necrosis

36
Q

what likely cause and pathogenesis

A

cause: hemonchus contortus
Pathogenesis: blood loss—> anemia and hypoproteinemia—> decreased oncotic pressure—> pale MM and SQ edema (bottle jaw)

37
Q

where does hemonchus contortus live in ruminants

A

abomasum

38
Q

what is likely cause of this cobblestone appearance on abomasum

A

ostertagia ostertagi

39
Q

what are the microscopic lesions associated with ostetagia ostertagi

A

proliferation of mucus cells (aka goblet cell hyperplasia)

40
Q

from hose- what cause this and what is name of mass

A

Cause: draschia megastoma
Mass: brood pouch

41
Q

what is a specific cause of gastric ulceration in pigs

A

Rapidly growing pigs on high grain diet—> ulceration—> massive hemorrhage

42
Q

what are some causes of gastric ulceration in cows

A

mycotic, acidosis/bloat

43
Q

what are some causes of gastric ulceration in dogs

A

NSAIDS, paraneoplastic syndromes, uremia

44
Q

what two paraneoplastic syndromes cause gastric ulcers in dogs

A
  1. Gastrinoma- secrete gastrin
  2. MCT- secrete histamine

Both increase gastric acid secretion

45
Q

what causes gastric ulcers in horses

A

NSAIDS, stress

46
Q

what is the most common place for gastric ulcer in dogs

A

gastroduodenal

47
Q

from cow- based on the appearance of this ulcer- what is most likely cause

A

mycotic (aspergillus, zygomycetes), due to infarct appearance

48
Q

GDV occurs in who

A

deep chested dogs

49
Q

what happens in GDV

A

fundus twists, greater curvature displaced ventrally, and duodenum is moved dorsal and causally

50
Q

what is pathogenesis of GDV and death

A

Enlarged stomach—> decreased blood flow back to heart—> pulmonary and cardiac depression—> shock, myocardial dysfunction

51
Q

Abomasal displacements are most common in what cows

A

following patrurition

52
Q

a volvulus can in ruminants can lead to __ due to chloride sequestration

A

metabolic alkalosis

53
Q

Adenocarcinomas of stomach are common in what species

A

dogs

54
Q

SCC of stomach are common in what species

A

horses

55
Q

lymphoma of stomach is common in what species

A

cows, cats, dogs

56
Q

leiomyoma/sarcoma of stomach common in what species

A

dogs

57
Q

dog stomach- what dx

A

Adenocarcinoma

58
Q

horse stomach what dx

A

SCC

59
Q

one from cow one from cat- what dx for both and what cause

A

lymphoma
Cow cause: BLV
Cat: GI spontaneous

60
Q

dog stomach- what dx

A

Leiomyoma- can’t actually distinguish from leiomyosarcoma and GIST without IHC

Pathology II (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions