Lecture 6: Hemolymphatic system II Flashcards
what are some examples of lymphoproliferative hematopoietic neoplasia
- Lymphoid leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Plasma cell tumors- plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma
what are some myeloproliferative hematopoietic neoplasia
histiocytic, mast cell tumors, myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome
where does lymphoid leukemia originate
Bone marrow—> blood
where does lymphoma originate
extramedullary origin—> tissue/organs
what is the most common hematopoietic malignancy in animals
lymphoma
what are the anatomical locations of lymphoma
- Cutaneous
- Multicentric- 2 or more organs
- Thymic
what are the immunophenotypes of lymphoma
T cell and B cell
what ultrasound or necropsy finding is typical of lymphoma
organomegaly
Do you have rengerative or non-regenerative anemia in lymphoma
non-regenerative
what abnormal finding would be see on chemistry in lymphoma and why
hypercalcemic due to production of PTHrp by neoplastic cells
is T cell or B cell more common lymphoma type in cats
T cell
young cats or older cats: FeLV/retrovirus associated lymphoma
young cats
where do young cats typically get masses with FeLV associated lymphoma
thymic/mediastinal
Multicentric
where do older cats typically get lymphoma
gastrointestinal
Suspected T cell lymphoma in cats- where are the lesions and which one is more common in old vs young cats. Which ones are retroviral induced
left: thymic/mediastinal , young cat, retroviral
Middle: Multicentric, young cat, retroviral induced
Right: GI, older cat, not retroviral induced
is B or T cell lymphoma more common in dogs
B cell
what lesions do you see in dogs with B cell lymphoma
generalized lymph node enlargement
from dog, based on these lesions what do you suspect
B cell lymphoma
older or younger cattle: BLV associated (retroviral) induce lymphoma
older cattle
what type of lymphoma do older cattle typically get
B cell
__% of cattle with BLV develop lymphoma
5%
where are lesions of B cell lymphoma in cattle commonly found
abomasum, vertebral canal, heart, retrobulbar, uterus
young cattle get what type of lymphoma
T cell lymphoma
where are the lesions of T cell lymphoma in young cattle
thymus, Multicentric, cutaneous
Lesions from cattle, owner informs you the cow is BLV positive. What is likely diagnosis
B cell lymphoma
what type of lymphoma do horses get
B cell ( specifically T cell rich)
what cells are activated B lymphocytes that produce antibodies
plasma cells
each plasma cell is only capable of producing ___of antibody directed towards one antigen
on specific type of clone
If you have lots of monoclonal antibodies the source is likely ___
neoplastic plasma cell
if you detect polyclonal antibodies it is likely a response to ___
infection
T or F: plasmocytomas are usually malignant
false-benign
where are plasmocytomas found
cutaneous or MM
what is likely dx
Plasmocytoma
what is multiple myeloma
malignant proliferation of plasma cells
what species is multiple myeloma most common in
dogs
what is the origin of multiple myeloma
bone marrow, most commonly vertebrae
2-3 of the following what 4 things must occur for dx of multiple myeloma
- Many plasma cells in bone marrow >30%
- Osteolysis
- Monoclonal gammopathy
- Light chain proteinuria
necropsy and histo from dog who presented with severe back pain. What was likely cause
Multiple myeloma- many plasma cells and osteoblasts
what are two common bloodwork finding associated with multiple myeloma
hyperglobulinemia- plasma cells making lots of antibodies
hypercalcemia: increase osteoclast activity
T or F: histiocytoma are benign and focal
true
what species commonly get histiocytomas
young dogs
where are histiocytomas often located
head and extremities
T or F: histiocytoma tumors spontaneously regress
true
young dog-what wrong
histiocytic tumor
what is cutaneous reactive histiocytosis
Vasocentric proliferation of relatively benign looking macrophages (some lymphocytes)
what is systemic reactive histiocytosis
identical vasocentric infiltrates found in LN, ocular and nasal mucosa, and internal organs
what dog breed is predisposed to malignant histiocytic diseases
Bernese mountain dog
what is wrong
Cutaneous reactive histiocytosis
what are some gross findings histiocytic sarcoma
Nodular lesions in spleen, lung, LN
what are some histo findings of histiocytic sarcoma
histiocytes are pleomorphic, multinucleated, atypical
what are some gross findings of hemophagocytic subtype of histiocytic sarcoma
diffuse lesions on spleen
what are some histo findings of hemophagocytic subtype of histiocytic sarcoma
infiltrates of atypical, pleomorphic histiocytes, erythrophagocytosis
what wrong- what gross lesions and what histo show
Histiocytic sarcoma- nodules all over spleen
Histo: highly pleomorphic and multinucleated
what wrong- what gross and histo show
Hemophagocytic subtype of histiocytic sarcoma
Gross: diffuse lesions on spleen
Histo: pleomorphic histiocytes, erythrophagocytosis
Identify the two histiocytic proliferative disorders cats get based on these images
Left: feline progressive histiocytosis- skin nodules to plaques
Right: pulmonary histiocytosis
what is the most common cause of uniform, bloody splenomegaly
barbiturate euthanasia
what causes acute hyperemia of spleen
any bacterial septicemia (anthrax, salmonellosis)
what causes acute hemolytic anemia
acute phagocytosis and sequestration
what causes uniform, meaty splenomegaly
lymphoid hyperplasia, extravascular hemolytic anemia, primary neoplasia, and granulomatous inflammation
what are causes of these 3 hyperplastic spleens
Left: splenic lymphoid hyperplasia
2. Extramedullary hematopoiesis
3. Monocyte-macrophage hyperplasia
what wrong
Granulomatous inflammation
what wrong
Endocarditis leading to emboli causing infarcts in spleen
what wrong and identify 1-2
Incomplete contraction
1. Congestion
2. Contraction
what top differential, also found tumor on right auricle
Splenic hemagiosarcoma
What wrong
Splenic hematoma
what is the etiology of splenic siderotic plaques
result of healing of sites of previous trauma and hemorrhage, often incidentally in geriatric patients
what these
Splenic siderotic plaques
what this and what is sequela
nodular lymphoid hyperplasia
Can rupture—> hemoabdomen
cheetah spleen, what is dx. Primary or secondary neoplasia
Myelolipomas
Primary neoplasia
what wrong
splenic abscesses
primary or metastatic neoplasia
metastatic
What wrong
splenic granuloma
what is the most common cause of a small spleen
contraction
what occurs when you fracture/ rupture spleen
- +/- hemoabdomen
- +/- splenosis
what is shown here
Splenosis- splenic parenchyma scattered on the peritoneum forming daughter spleens which may be functional
what is the origin of thymoma
epithelial
necropsy of old goat. Goat was also diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (or exfoliative dermatitis)- what is likely dx
thymoma
T cell thymic lymphoma is viral associated in __ and spontaneous in __ (what species)
youngs cat, young cows
what can cause the thymus to be too small
viral infection (parvo, distemper, FIV, FeLV), malnutrition, cachxeia, aging, chemotherapy, toxins, irradiation
stress which increases release of ___lead to decrease thymic weight through apoptosis
glucocorticoids
what viruses can cause thymus to be too small
canine parvo, canine distemper, FeLV, FIV, PRRSV, BVDV
what wrong
Lymphoid hyperplasia
what is inflammation of lymph node
lymphadentitis
lymph node of dog, what wrong
Acute lymphadentitis- firm, hyperemic, swollen
horse LN- what wrong and what could have caused
acute suppurative lymphadentitis
Cause: S. Equi/ strangles
lymph node from goat who was recently sheared- what is likely cause
Caseous lymphadentitis due to corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
what wrong here and what are some diseases that can cause this
granulomatous lymphadentitis
Causes: cryptococcus (fungi), tuberculosis, Johne’s disease
