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Pathology II > Lecture 3: Integument Parts II > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Integument Parts II Flashcards

1
Q

On what parts of the body are solar insults most common

A

Poorly haired, lightly pigmented, thin skin

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2
Q

Acute injury from UVB exposure results in

A

Sunburn erythema

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3
Q

Chronic injury from UVB results in

A

Dysplasia progressing to neoplasia

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4
Q

What are common neoplasms associated with UVB injury

A
  1. SCC
  2. Melanoma
  3. Hemagioma/ hemagiosarcoma
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5
Q

What wrong here, and what are you concerned about

A

hemagioma, concern for progressing to hemagiosarcoma

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6
Q

Which is normal vs abnormal. What do black arrows indicate in middle and right photo. What do red circles indicate

A

Left: normal
Middle: hyperplasia and dysplasia- solar dermatosis
Right: black arrow: solar elastosis, red circles: sunburn cells

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7
Q

What is photosensitization

A

A photodynamic agent in circulation reacts to UV light that results in edema/erythema—> vesicles—> necrosis/ sloughing of skin

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8
Q

What is type 1 photosensitization

A

Ingestion of photodynamic substance (plants, drugs)

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9
Q

What is type 2 photosensitization

A

Abnormal porphyrin metabolism. Inherited disease of enzyme deficiency

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10
Q

What is type 3 photosensitization

A

Most common form, occurs in herbivores with liver disease. Chlorophyll in plants converted to phylloerythrin and is unable to be excreted in the bile, ends up in the blood

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11
Q

Where do lesions from photosensitization occur

A

Non-pigmented areas exposed to sun

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12
Q

What wrong here? Also the cow had yellow eyes and MM, what does that indicate

A

photosensitization- specifically type 3- icterus indicates liver pathology

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13
Q

What is the pathogenesis of swelled head or facial eczema in ovine

A
  1. Ingestion of saprophytic fungus, Pithomyces chartarum
  2. Produces sporidesmin mycotoxin
  3. Liver damage/ bile duct injury
  4. Bile obstruction
  5. Type 3 photosensitization
  6. Sheep with heavy fleece have lesions that develop especially on the face
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14
Q

What wrong

A

Swelled head or facial eczema of ovine due to ingestion of pithomyces chartarum that produce sporidesmin mycotoxin causing liver damage—> type 3 photosensitization

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15
Q

What are two fungal causes of dry gangrene

A
  1. Grain contained with fungus produces ergotamine
  2. Tall grass contaminated with fungus that produces ergovaline
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16
Q

What is the pathogenesis of dry gangrene due to fungus alkaloids

A
  1. Ergotamine and ergovaline produced by fungus
  2. Stimulates adrenergic nerves
  3. Ateriolar smooth muscle vasoconstriction
  4. Ischemic necrosis of hindlegs
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17
Q

What wrong and what is potential cause

A

dry gangrene cause by fungus that produced ergotamine and ergovaline toxins causing ischemic necrosis—> dry gangrene

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18
Q

What is acral lick dermatitis

A

Lick granuloma caused by psychogenic dermatitis- repeated chewing and licking induces chronic alopecia and proliferative dermatitis

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19
Q

What is intertrigo

A

Superficial dermatitis on apposed skin surfaces/ folds

Folds susceptible due to retained moisture and frictional trauma—> bacterial infection

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20
Q

What is the sequence of cutaneous lesions in poxviridae viruses

A

Macula—> Papule—> vesicle—> umbilicated pustule—> crust—> scar

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21
Q

What is an important mode of transmission for poxviridae viruses

A

Mechanical vectors- mosquitoes, sucking louse

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22
Q

What is the histo appearance of poxviridae

A

Intracytoplasmic eosinophilia viral inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies)

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23
Q

What wrong

A

Poxviridae virus- swine pox

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24
Q

Dog presented with vesicles/ crusts all over body and histo showed this? What is likely problem and what does the histo show that indicates that. What is asterisk and arrow indicating

A

Parapoxvirus (poxviridae)
Asterisk: ballooning/ hydropic degeneration
Arrow: bollinger bodies

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25
Q

Papillomaviridae causes benign ___

A

Benign epithelial proliferation

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26
Q

What does papillomaviridae cause

A

Squamous papilloma, endophytic papilloma, epidermal pigmented plaques, aural plaques, papillomas, sarcoids, SCC

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27
Q

What are the 3 results that occur with papillomaviridae enters stratum basale

A
  1. Latent infection without changes in keratinocytes
  2. Productive infection with cytopathic changes to keratinocytes (nuclear inclusions)
  3. Virus integration into host cell genome—>neoplasia and malignant
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28
Q

What wrong, what caused

A

Sarcoids caused by bovine papillomarvirus

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29
Q

What wrong, what caused

A

Cutaneous papilloma caused by papillomaviridae

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30
Q

what is morphological dx

A

Aural plaques

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31
Q

What occurs with a orthoherpesviridae virus

A

Keratinocyte infection and lysis, vesicles—> ulcers and crusts

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32
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for feline facial puritus

A

Feline herpesvirus 1

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33
Q

What wrong and what is a differential diagnosis

A

Feline herpetic facial dermatitis caused by orthoherpesviridae virus- feline herpesvirus 1

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34
Q

What are the portals of entry for bacteria into skin

A

hematogenous, pores, damaged epidermis

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35
Q

what are the targets for bacteria entering the skin

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutis, vessels, adnexa

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36
Q

what are the targets for superficial pyoderma

A

epidermis and follicular infundibulum

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37
Q

T or F: superficial pyoderma heals without scarring and there is no lymph node involvement

A

true

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38
Q

what is the gross appearance of superficial pyoderma

A

erythema, alopecia, papules, pustules, crust, epidermal collarettes

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39
Q

what is the histo appearance for superficial pyoderma

A

intraepidermal pustules, superficial luminal folliculitis, serocellular cysts

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40
Q

what is the etiology/cause of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease)

A

staphylococcus hyicus

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41
Q

what lesions are associated with exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease)

A

brown greasy exudate with thick epidermis, scaling, loaded with bacteria

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42
Q

what is the distribution for exudative epidermitis

A

periocular, pinnae, snout, chin, medial leg, spreads to ventrum

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43
Q

what is the etiology/cause of superficial spreading pyoderma

A

staphylococcus pseudointermedius

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44
Q

Pig presents with brown crusty material all over body. Histo was taken- what is problem

A

exudative dermatitis/ greasy pig disease

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45
Q

what is likely problem

A

superficial pyoderma

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46
Q

what is the target for deep pyoderma

A

hair follicle, dermis, hypodermis

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47
Q

what is the etiology for deep pyoderma

A

variety of bacteria that access deep tissue via follicles or penetrating wounds
Staphylococcus most common

48
Q

what is the gross appearance of deep pyoderma

A

alopecia, papules, pustules, crusts, epidermal collarettes, hemorrhage, bulla, nodules

49
Q

what is the histo appearance of deep pyoderma

A

superficial and deep folliculitis that may progress to furunculosis and scarring

50
Q

what are some associated lesions for deep pyoderma

A

draining tracts, regional lymphadentitis

51
Q

what wrong

A

deep pyoderma

52
Q

what is granulomatous dermatitis secondary to

A

traumatic implantation of low virulent saprophytic bacteria causing persistence regional antigenicity

53
Q

what type of hypersensitivity reaction is granulomatous dermatitis

A

type 4

54
Q

what is the gross appearance of granulomatous dermatitis

A

nodules that may ulcerate and drain

55
Q

what is the histo appearance of granulomatous dermatitis

A

macrophages, neutrophils, giant cells, necrosis, fibroblasts

56
Q

what are some etiologies of granulomatous dermatitis

A

mycobacterium (M. Lepramurium), non-filamentous bacteria, nodules of filamentous bacteria, nodules of fungus

57
Q

cat lesion and histo- what is wrong

A

granulomatous dermatitis, specifically M. Lepraemurium- feline leprosy

58
Q

what wrong

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathie

59
Q

what lesions are associated with E. Rhusiopathie

A

raised, red-purple diamond lesions

60
Q

what is pathogenesis of E. Rhusiopathie

A

dermal embolization—> vasculitis, thrombosis, ischemia

61
Q

what is a common differential for this presentation

A

salmonellosis

62
Q

what lesions are associated with salmonellosis

A

cyanosis and necrosis of extremities (ears)

63
Q

what is pathogensis of salmonellosis

A

endotoxin induced venous thrombosis

64
Q

what is likely cause

A

E. Coli, shiga-toxin 2e

65
Q

what lesions are associated with E. Coli shiga-toxin 2e

A

SQ edema

66
Q

what is the pathogenesis of E. Coli shiga-toxin 2e

A

arteriolar endothelium and tunica media damage (edema dz)

67
Q

what tick borne disease causes this presentation

A

Rickettsia Ricketssia

68
Q

what lesions are associated with R. Ricketssia

A

erythema, petechiae, necrosis

69
Q

what is pathogensis of R. Ricketssia

A

Direct vascular damage, vasculitis

70
Q

what lesions are associated with streptococcus canis

A

necrotizing fasciitis

71
Q

what is the pathogenesis for streptococcus canis

A

bacterial toxins—> shock

72
Q

what Is likely cause

A

bacterial septicemia (staphylococcus or salmonella)

73
Q

SQ fungus require __ to infect

A

traumatic implantation

74
Q

T or F: SQ fungal infections do not spread to regional LN

A

false

75
Q

SQ or cutaneous fungal infections: pyogranulomatous and draining tracts

A

SQ

76
Q

what is the target of cutaneous fungal infections

A

keratinized tissue with dermal reaction

77
Q

what is dermatophytosis

A

ringworm

78
Q

T or F: dermatophytosis is zoonotic

A

true

79
Q

dermatophytosis invade __

A

cornified tissue (keratinized tissue, hair shaft)

80
Q

what are the gross lesions associated with dermatophytosis

A

alopecia, crusting, hair breakage, hair loss from folliculitis, papules, pustules

81
Q

what is kerion associated with ringworm

A

eruptive nodular mass

82
Q

what is pseudomycetoma associated with ringworm

A

dermal/SQ granulomas

83
Q

what is onychomycosis associated with ringworm

A

discolored, malformed, broken claws

84
Q

what is histo appearance for dermatophytosis

A

folliculitis and furunculosis, epidermal hyperplasia, intraocorneal micro abscesses

85
Q

Lesions from cat, what wrong

A

dermatophytosis (ringworm)

86
Q

horse: what wrong

A

Phythiosis (swamp cancer)

87
Q

what is causative agent of phythiosis

A

Pythian insidiosum

88
Q

what is the causative agent of sporotrichosis

A

sporothrix schenckii

89
Q

what does sporotrichosis cause

A

dermatitis, lymphangitis—> visceral dissemination

90
Q

based on the cigar shaped organism what is likely cause

A

Sporothrix schenckii

91
Q

T or F: sporothrix schenckii is zoonotic

A

true

92
Q

what wrong

A

pigmented fungal infection

93
Q

what stain is this

A

Gomori methamine silver (GMS)

94
Q

what does demodex target

A

hair follicle

95
Q

T or F: sarcoptes scabei is zoonotic

A

true

96
Q

T or F: notoedres cati is zoonotic

A

true

97
Q

where does scabies and notoedres cati target on body

A

ears, head, neck

98
Q

where does otodectic mange target on body

A

external ear canal

99
Q

where does psoroptic mange target on body

A

external ear canals, body

100
Q

where does chorioptes Bovis target on body

A

lower limbs, perineum, udder, tail, scrotum

101
Q

what wrong

A

scabies- sarcoptes scabiei

102
Q

based on the location, what ectoparasite is involved

A

chorioptes Bovis

103
Q

pig presented with crusts all over body. This histo was taken what is likely cause and what diagnostic method is most appropriate to obtain a dx

A

Cause: scabies- sarcoptes scabiei
Dx test: superficial skin scrape

104
Q

what wrong, what is seen in lower right picture and what dx method is appropriate to obtain dx

A

Demodex
Lower right picture: demodex outside hair follicle- furunculosis
Dx test: deep skin scrape

105
Q

what is pediculosis

A

infestation of lice

106
Q

what are mallophaga lice

A

biting/chewing

107
Q

what are anaplora lice

A

blood-sucking

108
Q

entire life cycle of lice is spent on __

A

host

109
Q

haemtopinus suis (lice) vectors what diseases

A

swinepox, African swine fever, mycoplasma suis

110
Q

What is the vector for diplyidium caninum cestode

A

fleas

111
Q

what is the vector for pox viruses, stephanofilaris, habronema

A

flies

112
Q

What wrong

A

mallophaga lice in chicken

113
Q

what wrong

A

Equine cutaneous habronemiasis

114
Q

what wrong

A

filiarial dermatitis, specifically stephanofilaria stilesi

115
Q

filarial dermatitis, onchocera targets where on body

A

head, neck, medial forelimbs, ventral thorax/abdomen

116
Q

what are the intermediate hosts for filarial dermatitis

A

black flies, biting midges, flies

117
Q

stephanofilaria stilesi has predilection for where on body and causes what

A

ventral midline- alopecia proliferative, eosinophilic dermatitis

Pathology II (8 decks)

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