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Pathology II > Lecture 23 and 24: Exotics 2 and 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 and 24: Exotics 2 and 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Insulinomas are common in ___ old ferrets

A

middle to old age

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2
Q

insulinomas are functional tumors of ___

A

beta cells of endocrine pancreas

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3
Q

what is pathogenesis of insulinomas in ferrets

A
  1. Insulinoma
  2. Hyperinsulinemia
  3. Hypoglycemia
  4. Weakness, lethargy, somnolence, common
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4
Q

ferret presents weak to comatose, what is your concern and what do you do first

A

insulinoma
Apply glucose to gums

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5
Q

from ferret- what wrong

A

Insulinoma

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6
Q

what is the most common neoplasm of young ferrets (6 months-1yr)

A

lymphoma

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7
Q

where is the most common location for lymphoma in ferret

A

mediastinal

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8
Q

how do ferrets commonly present with lymphoma

A

dyspnea, regurgitation, coughing

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9
Q

what bloodwork sign is seen in young ferrets with lymphoma vs old

A

young- lymphocytosis
Old- lymphopenia

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10
Q

from ferret what wrong

A

lymphoma

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11
Q

answer kahoot

A

green slime disease

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12
Q

ferret tail what wrong

A

Chordoma- bending nodule at extremity of tail

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13
Q

ferret case- what are your clinical suspicions

A

Insulinoma, adrenal disease, hyperestrogenism

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14
Q

answer kahoot

A

flank alopecia, skin petechiae and melena (petechiae and melena are from bone marrow suppression)

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15
Q

answer kahoot

A

nodule of beta cells

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16
Q

small rodent presents with hypersalivation (slobbers), dysphagia and weight loss- what wrong

A

dental malocclusion

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17
Q

what is the difference between mice and rats with mammary tumors, what is prognosis for each

A

mouse- malignant adenocarcinoma- retroviral induced- poor prognosis

Rats- benign fibroadenoma- good prognosis if removed early

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18
Q

mouse- what is likely dx

A

mammary adenocarcinoma

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19
Q

from rat- what is likely cause of pneumonia, nephritis

A

corynebacterium kutscheri

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20
Q

from rat- what wrong

A

pituitary adenoma

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21
Q

from rat- what likely dx

A

Benign mammary fibroadenoma

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22
Q

rat- what wrong

A

Porphyrins- red tears/nasal discharge from stress or illness
Red pigment not blood

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23
Q

answer kahoot- from rat

A

Pituitary adenoma

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24
Q

hamster- what wrong and cause

A

wet tail, proliferative ileitis and diarrhea due to Lawsonia intracellular is

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25
Q

what wrong and what species usually affected

A

left sided atrial thrombosis- seen in hamsters

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26
Q

what is the most significant cause of bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs

A
  1. Bordetella bronchiseptica
  2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
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27
Q

what does bordetella bronchiseptica cause in guinea pigs

A
  1. Suppurative bronchopneumonia
  2. Suppurative otitis media
  3. Metritis and abortion
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28
Q

what does streptococcus pneumoniae cause in guinea pigs

A
  1. Fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia and pericarditis
  2. Torticollis and abortions
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29
Q

what wrong with this photo

A

should not house guinea pigs and rabbits together- rabbits asymptomatic carriers of bordetella bronchiseptica

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30
Q

what wrong and what cause

A

Cervical lymphadentitis: lumps
Cause: streptococcus zooepidemicus

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31
Q

what is pathogenesis of cervical lymphadentitis

A
  1. Bacteria normally present in host conjunctiva and nasal cavity
  2. Oral lesion from malocclusion, diet, biting
  3. Bacteria invade mucosa and become abraded and drained by regional ventral cervical lymph nodes
  4. Suppurative lymphadentitis
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32
Q

what is a sequela to cervical lymphadentitis

A

systemic spread- septicemia, affected LN may fistulate and form draining tracts

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33
Q

guinea pig- what cause

A

Cause: trixacarus caviae

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34
Q

guinea pig presents with seizure like activity, puritis, alopecia, dander- what do you suspect

A

trixacarus caviae

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35
Q

rabbit presents with abscess or bacterial infection what is likely cause

A

pasturella multocida

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36
Q

what are some signs of rabbits infected with pasturella multocida

A

mucopurulent nasal d/c, sneezing, coughing, pneumonia, UR disease, abscess, pleuritis, pericarditis, pyometra, otitis media, neurological disease, ocular disease

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37
Q

what is pathogenesis of pasturellosis/snuffles in rabbits

A
  1. Bacteria enter respiratory tract of healthy rabbits
  2. Risk factors lead to disruption of local defense
  3. Bacterial load increases
  4. Infection and disease
38
Q

what is sequela of pasturellosis/snuffles

A

septicemia

39
Q

rabbit= what likely caused this presentation

A

pasturella multocida

40
Q

What wrong and what cause

A

Ulcerative pododermatitis: sore hocks

Repeated pressure/weight—> ulcerative pododermatitis

41
Q

what is pathogenesis of vertebral luxation/fracture in rabbits

A
  1. Rabbits have highly developed muscular system with delicate vertebral column
  2. Sudden muscular movements/ contractions or inappropriate handling
  3. Predisposes to lumbar/sacral fracture or dislocation and possible spinal cord trauma/ edema
42
Q

what 3 body systems does encephalitozoon cuniculi affect and what species

A

species: rabbits
1. Ocular- cataracts, phacoclastic uveitis
2. Neurologic- no suppurative encephalitis
3. Renal- pitted kidney

43
Q

rabbit presents with head tilt and cataracts- do histo and gram stain shows microsporidum- what cause

A

encephalitozoon cuniculi

44
Q

what is pathogenesis of encephalitozoon cuniculi

A
  1. Transmitted in-utero (ocular lesions) or via contaminated urine (renal or urine)
45
Q

rabbit- what wrong and how transmitted

A

psoroptes cuniculi
Transmission: direct contact

46
Q

what is the most common tumor in female rabbits >4yrs

A

uterine adenocarcinoma

47
Q

what are some clinical signs of uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits

A

Hematuria, vaginal discharge, decreased fertility, dyspnea, increased kit mortality, anorexia, cystic mammary glands, head tilt

48
Q

what is pathogenesis of uterine adenocarcinoma

A
  1. Slowly progressive 1yr
  2. Eventual metastasis to lungs, liver, mammary, brain bones, or carcinomatosis
49
Q

why could rabbits with uterine adenocarcinoma present with respiratory issues or head tilt

A

metastasis to lungs and brain

50
Q

Rabbit- what wrong and what cause

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma
Metastasis to lungs and abdomen

51
Q

answer kahoot

A

Hamster- left atrial thrombosis

52
Q

answer kahoot

A

Teeth, oral cavity

53
Q

answer kahoot

A
  1. Bacterial otitis media
  2. E. Cuniculi infection
  3. Old intact female with abdominal organomegaly and Hematuria (uterine adenocarcinoma- metastasis to brain)
  4. Encephalitis due to microsporidian infection (E. Cuniculi)
54
Q

what is the cause of psittacosis/ ornithosis/ parrot fever

A

clamydia psittacii

55
Q

what are some signs of psittacosis

A
  1. Conjunctivitis and sinusitis
  2. Fibrinous arisacculitis, coelomitis, pericarditis
  3. Hepatosplenomegaly with hepatic necrosis
56
Q

From parrot- what wrong and cause

A

hepatosplenomegaly, fibrinous airsacculitis
Cause: clamydia psittaci (psittacosis)

57
Q

t or f: clamydia psittacii is zoonotic

58
Q

perform necropsy and histopath on parrot. Find fibrinous airsacullits, hepatosplenomegaly- what does this histo show and what wrong

A

chlamdyial inclusions in hepatocyte
Dx: psittacosis caused by chlamydia psittacii

59
Q

what does psittacine herpesvirus/ pacheco’s disease cause

A

Liver And spleen necrosis, internal papillomatosis and cholangiocellular carcinoma

60
Q

what wrong and what cause

A

Cholangiocellular carcinoma and internal papillomatosis
Cause: psittacine herpesvirus

61
Q

what type of virus is beak and feather disease and what does it cause

A

Circovirus- causes immunosuppression, beak and feather anomalies

62
Q

what cause

A

Beak and feather dz- circovirus

63
Q

what type of virus is pro ventricular dilatation disease and what does it cause

A

bornavirus
Causes lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis and regurgitation and dilated proventriculus

64
Q

necropsy of bird- also noted passing of undigested seeds in feces- what wrong and what cause

A

Pro ventricular dilatation disease
Cause: bornavirus

65
Q

what type of virus is budgerigar fledgling disease and what does it cause

A

polymavirus- feather anomalies, hemorrhage in heart

66
Q

bird necropsy shows hemorrhage, especially around heart, perform histo- shows this what cause

A

Polyomavirus
Large nuclei no nucleolus

67
Q

bird necropsy shows liver and spleen necrosis, internal papillomatosis, did histo what show and what cause

A

histo- nuclei displaced to periphery
Cause: herpesvirus

68
Q

what virus causes these large inclusions, nucleomegaly

A

adenovirus

69
Q

what wrong and what do you do

A

Pterotillomania- self mutilation
E- collar

70
Q

snake- what wrong

A

Ophionyssus natricis- snake mite

71
Q

python presents with inability to right itself when turned on back- what wrong

A

Boid inclusion body disease- reptarenavirus

72
Q

how does PTH, vitamin D3, and calcitonin affect Ca2+ and phosphorus

A
  1. PTH: increase Ca2+ decrease phosphorus
  2. Vitamin D3: increase both
  3. Calcitonin: decrease both
73
Q

what cells produce PTH in response to hypocalcemia

A

chief cells

74
Q

What are the 2 causes of secondary hyperparathyrodism and how do parathyroid glands appear

A
  1. Nutritional
  2. Renal
    Hyperplasia, symmetrically enlarged glands- all 4
75
Q

describe pathogenesis of nutritional hyperparathyroidism

A
  1. Diet low in ca2+ and high phosphorus
  2. PTH increase via chief cell hyperplasia
  3. Bone resorption and fibrous osteodystrophy
76
Q

Describe pathogenesis of chronic renal failure causing secondary hyperparathyroidism

A
  1. Decrease vitamin D3 and increase phosphorus
  2. Low ca2+
  3. Increase PTH via chief cell hyperplasia
  4. Bone resorption and fibrous osteodystrophy
77
Q

what are the causes of metabolic bone disease

A
  1. Dietary deficient of ca2+ or vitamin D
  2. Insufficient exposure to UVB light (can’t activate Vitamin D3 to absorb Ca2+ from intestines)
  3. Ca/P imbalances
  4. Renal or parathyroid disease

It is a secondary hyperparathyroidism

78
Q

what is the outcome of all causes of metabolic bone disease

A

generalized decreased skeletal opacity, cortical thinning of long bones, pathological fractures, angular long bone deformities with bulbous distortion

79
Q

Gecko in glass enclosure- what wrong and what cause

A

Low jaw/mandible folded/fractured
Glass filters UVB light- not able to activate vitamin D3 to absorb Ca2+ from intestine

Results in metabolic bone disease/ secondary hyperparathyrodism

80
Q

true or false- give live prey to snakes

A

False- can eat snake skin, muscles and lead to infection

81
Q

leopard tortoise what wrong and what result

A

liver atrophy, emaciation, intestinal impaction- starvation

82
Q

what is dysecdysis

A

problem with shedding

83
Q

shedding in snakes requires what

A

humidity and rough surfaces

84
Q

snakes should have __shed, problem if __retained

A

one shed, retained spectacle

85
Q

what wrong

A

dysecydis- leading to retained spectacle

86
Q

rattlesnake eye- identify 1-8 and star and sun

A
  1. Lens
  2. Retina
  3. Choroid
  4. Sclera
  5. Cornea
  6. Subspectacular space
  7. Spectacle (fused eyelid)
  8. Skin
    Star: anterior chamber
    Sun: posterior chamber
87
Q

what is the waste product excreted by fish

88
Q

what is new tank syndrome and how do you prevent it

A

fish produce ammonia when they poop which is toxic so if you introduce fish to new tank all at once increase ammonia which eventually is converted by bacteria to nitrite and nitrate (less toxic) but nitrite extremely toxic to fish

89
Q

how do you prevent new tank syndrome

A

cycle water about 1 month so bacteria are present right away to convert ammonia to nitrite then nitrate

90
Q

fish owner calls and said all her fish died, bring them in and look at blood it is very dark what is wrong

A

methomeglobinemia- nitrite toxicity

91
Q

what is the most common cause of death from birds flying into windows

A

liver damage- bleed internally

Pathology II (26 decks)

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