Lecture 23 and 24: Exotics 2 and 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Insulinomas are common in ___ old ferrets
A
middle to old age
2
Q
insulinomas are functional tumors of ___
A
beta cells of endocrine pancreas
3
Q
what is pathogenesis of insulinomas in ferrets
A
- Insulinoma
- Hyperinsulinemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Weakness, lethargy, somnolence, common
4
Q
ferret presents weak to comatose, what is your concern and what do you do first
A
insulinoma
Apply glucose to gums
5
Q
from ferret- what wrong
A
Insulinoma
6
Q
what is the most common neoplasm of young ferrets (6 months-1yr)
A
lymphoma
7
Q
where is the most common location for lymphoma in ferret
A
mediastinal
8
Q
how do ferrets commonly present with lymphoma
A
dyspnea, regurgitation, coughing
9
Q
what bloodwork sign is seen in young ferrets with lymphoma vs old
A
young- lymphocytosis
Old- lymphopenia
10
Q
from ferret what wrong
A
lymphoma
11
Q
answer kahoot
A
green slime disease
12
Q
ferret tail what wrong
A
Chordoma- bending nodule at extremity of tail
13
Q
ferret case- what are your clinical suspicions
A
Insulinoma, adrenal disease, hyperestrogenism
14
Q
answer kahoot
A
flank alopecia, skin petechiae and melena (petechiae and melena are from bone marrow suppression)
15
Q
answer kahoot
A
nodule of beta cells
16
Q
small rodent presents with hypersalivation (slobbers), dysphagia and weight loss- what wrong
A
dental malocclusion
17
Q
what is the difference between mice and rats with mammary tumors, what is prognosis for each
A
mouse- malignant adenocarcinoma- retroviral induced- poor prognosis
Rats- benign fibroadenoma- good prognosis if removed early
18
Q
mouse- what is likely dx
A
mammary adenocarcinoma
19
Q
from rat- what is likely cause of pneumonia, nephritis
A
corynebacterium kutscheri
20
Q
from rat- what wrong
A
pituitary adenoma
21
Q
from rat- what likely dx
A
Benign mammary fibroadenoma
22
Q
rat- what wrong
A
Porphyrins- red tears/nasal discharge from stress or illness
Red pigment not blood
23
Q
answer kahoot- from rat
A
Pituitary adenoma
24
Q
hamster- what wrong and cause
A
wet tail, proliferative ileitis and diarrhea due to Lawsonia intracellular is
25
what wrong and what species usually affected
left sided atrial thrombosis- seen in hamsters
26
what is the most significant cause of bacterial pneumonia in guinea pigs
1. Bordetella bronchiseptica
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae
27
what does bordetella bronchiseptica cause in guinea pigs
1. Suppurative bronchopneumonia
2. Suppurative otitis media
3. Metritis and abortion
28
what does streptococcus pneumoniae cause in guinea pigs
1. Fibrinosuppurative pleuropneumonia and pericarditis
2. Torticollis and abortions
29
what wrong with this photo
should not house guinea pigs and rabbits together- rabbits asymptomatic carriers of bordetella bronchiseptica
30
what wrong and what cause
Cervical lymphadentitis: lumps
Cause: streptococcus zooepidemicus
31
what is pathogenesis of cervical lymphadentitis
1. Bacteria normally present in host conjunctiva and nasal cavity
2. Oral lesion from malocclusion, diet, biting
3. Bacteria invade mucosa and become abraded and drained by regional ventral cervical lymph nodes
4. Suppurative lymphadentitis
32
what is a sequela to cervical lymphadentitis
systemic spread- septicemia, affected LN may fistulate and form draining tracts
33
guinea pig- what cause
Cause: trixacarus caviae
34
guinea pig presents with seizure like activity, puritis, alopecia, dander- what do you suspect
trixacarus caviae
35
rabbit presents with abscess or bacterial infection what is likely cause
pasturella multocida
36
what are some signs of rabbits infected with pasturella multocida
mucopurulent nasal d/c, sneezing, coughing, pneumonia, UR disease, abscess, pleuritis, pericarditis, pyometra, otitis media, neurological disease, ocular disease
37
what is pathogenesis of pasturellosis/snuffles in rabbits
1. Bacteria enter respiratory tract of healthy rabbits
2. Risk factors lead to disruption of local defense
3. Bacterial load increases
4. Infection and disease
38
what is sequela of pasturellosis/snuffles
septicemia
39
rabbit= what likely caused this presentation
pasturella multocida
40
What wrong and what cause
Ulcerative pododermatitis: sore hocks
Repeated pressure/weight—> ulcerative pododermatitis
41
what is pathogenesis of vertebral luxation/fracture in rabbits
1. Rabbits have highly developed muscular system with delicate vertebral column
2. Sudden muscular movements/ contractions or inappropriate handling
3. Predisposes to lumbar/sacral fracture or dislocation and possible spinal cord trauma/ edema
42
what 3 body systems does encephalitozoon cuniculi affect and what species
species: rabbits
1. Ocular- cataracts, phacoclastic uveitis
2. Neurologic- no suppurative encephalitis
3. Renal- pitted kidney
43
rabbit presents with head tilt and cataracts- do histo and gram stain shows microsporidum- what cause
encephalitozoon cuniculi
44
what is pathogenesis of encephalitozoon cuniculi
1. Transmitted in-utero (ocular lesions) or via contaminated urine (renal or urine)
45
rabbit- what wrong and how transmitted
psoroptes cuniculi
Transmission: direct contact
46
what is the most common tumor in female rabbits >4yrs
uterine adenocarcinoma
47
what are some clinical signs of uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits
Hematuria, vaginal discharge, decreased fertility, dyspnea, increased kit mortality, anorexia, cystic mammary glands, head tilt
48
what is pathogenesis of uterine adenocarcinoma
1. Slowly progressive 1yr
2. Eventual metastasis to lungs, liver, mammary, brain bones, or carcinomatosis
49
why could rabbits with uterine adenocarcinoma present with respiratory issues or head tilt
metastasis to lungs and brain
50
Rabbit- what wrong and what cause
Uterine adenocarcinoma
Metastasis to lungs and abdomen
51
answer kahoot
Hamster- left atrial thrombosis
52
answer kahoot
Teeth, oral cavity
53
answer kahoot
1. Bacterial otitis media
2. E. Cuniculi infection
3. Old intact female with abdominal organomegaly and Hematuria (uterine adenocarcinoma- metastasis to brain)
4. Encephalitis due to microsporidian infection (E. Cuniculi)
54
what is the cause of psittacosis/ ornithosis/ parrot fever
clamydia psittacii
55
what are some signs of psittacosis
1. Conjunctivitis and sinusitis
2. Fibrinous arisacculitis, coelomitis, pericarditis
3. Hepatosplenomegaly with hepatic necrosis
56
From parrot- what wrong and cause
hepatosplenomegaly, fibrinous airsacculitis
Cause: clamydia psittaci (psittacosis)
57
t or f: clamydia psittacii is zoonotic
true
58
perform necropsy and histopath on parrot. Find fibrinous airsacullits, hepatosplenomegaly- what does this histo show and what wrong
chlamdyial inclusions in hepatocyte
Dx: psittacosis caused by chlamydia psittacii
59
what does psittacine herpesvirus/ pacheco’s disease cause
Liver And spleen necrosis, internal papillomatosis and cholangiocellular carcinoma
60
what wrong and what cause
Cholangiocellular carcinoma and internal papillomatosis
Cause: psittacine herpesvirus
61
what type of virus is beak and feather disease and what does it cause
Circovirus- causes immunosuppression, beak and feather anomalies
62
what cause
Beak and feather dz- circovirus
63
what type of virus is pro ventricular dilatation disease and what does it cause
bornavirus
Causes lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis and regurgitation and dilated proventriculus
64
necropsy of bird- also noted passing of undigested seeds in feces- what wrong and what cause
Pro ventricular dilatation disease
Cause: bornavirus
65
what type of virus is budgerigar fledgling disease and what does it cause
polymavirus- feather anomalies, hemorrhage in heart
66
bird necropsy shows hemorrhage, especially around heart, perform histo- shows this what cause
Polyomavirus
Large nuclei no nucleolus
67
bird necropsy shows liver and spleen necrosis, internal papillomatosis, did histo what show and what cause
histo- nuclei displaced to periphery
Cause: herpesvirus
68
what virus causes these large inclusions, nucleomegaly
adenovirus
69
what wrong and what do you do
Pterotillomania- self mutilation
E- collar
70
snake- what wrong
Ophionyssus natricis- snake mite
71
python presents with inability to right itself when turned on back- what wrong
Boid inclusion body disease- reptarenavirus
72
how does PTH, vitamin D3, and calcitonin affect Ca2+ and phosphorus
1. PTH: increase Ca2+ decrease phosphorus
2. Vitamin D3: increase both
3. Calcitonin: decrease both
73
what cells produce PTH in response to hypocalcemia
chief cells
74
What are the 2 causes of secondary hyperparathyrodism and how do parathyroid glands appear
1. Nutritional
2. Renal
Hyperplasia, symmetrically enlarged glands- all 4
75
describe pathogenesis of nutritional hyperparathyroidism
1. Diet low in ca2+ and high phosphorus
2. PTH increase via chief cell hyperplasia
3. Bone resorption and fibrous osteodystrophy
76
Describe pathogenesis of chronic renal failure causing secondary hyperparathyroidism
1. Decrease vitamin D3 and increase phosphorus
2. Low ca2+
3. Increase PTH via chief cell hyperplasia
4. Bone resorption and fibrous osteodystrophy
77
what are the causes of metabolic bone disease
1. Dietary deficient of ca2+ or vitamin D
2. Insufficient exposure to UVB light (can’t activate Vitamin D3 to absorb Ca2+ from intestines)
3. Ca/P imbalances
4. Renal or parathyroid disease
It is a secondary hyperparathyroidism
78
what is the outcome of all causes of metabolic bone disease
generalized decreased skeletal opacity, cortical thinning of long bones, pathological fractures, angular long bone deformities with bulbous distortion
79
Gecko in glass enclosure- what wrong and what cause
Low jaw/mandible folded/fractured
Glass filters UVB light- not able to activate vitamin D3 to absorb Ca2+ from intestine
Results in metabolic bone disease/ secondary hyperparathyrodism
80
true or false- give live prey to snakes
False- can eat snake skin, muscles and lead to infection
81
leopard tortoise what wrong and what result
liver atrophy, emaciation, intestinal impaction- starvation
82
what is dysecdysis
problem with shedding
83
shedding in snakes requires what
humidity and rough surfaces
84
snakes should have __shed, problem if __retained
one shed, retained spectacle
85
what wrong
dysecydis- leading to retained spectacle
86
rattlesnake eye- identify 1-8 and star and sun
1. Lens
2. Retina
3. Choroid
4. Sclera
5. Cornea
6. Subspectacular space
7. Spectacle (fused eyelid)
8. Skin
Star: anterior chamber
Sun: posterior chamber
87
what is the waste product excreted by fish
ammonia
88
what is new tank syndrome and how do you prevent it
fish produce ammonia when they poop which is toxic so if you introduce fish to new tank all at once increase ammonia which eventually is converted by bacteria to nitrite and nitrate (less toxic) but nitrite extremely toxic to fish
89
how do you prevent new tank syndrome
cycle water about 1 month so bacteria are present right away to convert ammonia to nitrite then nitrate
90
fish owner calls and said all her fish died, bring them in and look at blood it is very dark what is wrong
methomeglobinemia- nitrite toxicity
91
what is the most common cause of death from birds flying into windows
liver damage- bleed internally
