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Pathology II > Lecture 11: GI III- diarrhea, SI dz, intestinal neoplasia, rectal/anal dz > Flashcards

Lecture 11: GI III- diarrhea, SI dz, intestinal neoplasia, rectal/anal dz Flashcards

1
Q

What is purpose of intestinal villi

A

absorption

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2
Q

what is purpose of intestinal crypts

A

proliferation

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3
Q

what is fx of SI epithelium

A

nutrient absorption

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4
Q

what is fx of colonic epithelium

A

absorb excess water

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5
Q

t or f: cecum/colon has no villi but lots of goblet cells

A

true

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6
Q

What tissue is this and identify 1-2

A

SI
1. Villi
2. Crypts

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7
Q

What part of intestine is this

A

Cecum/colon

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8
Q

What specialized enterocyte produces antimicrobial proteins

A

paneth cells

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9
Q

if you have no tight junctions in intestines what is consequence

A

no control of absorption and enhanced permeability—> diarrhea and dehydration

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10
Q

what is enteritis

A

inflammation of SI

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11
Q

what is typhlitis

A

inflammation of cecum

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12
Q

what is proctitis

A

inflammation of rectum

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13
Q

what is the pathogenesis of hypersecretion causing diarrhea

A

stimulation of enhanced ion (Cl-) transport at level of crypts—> increased osmotic pressure in lumen—> influx water into lumen

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14
Q

what mediates hypersecretion causing diarrhea

A
  1. Inflammatory mediators- prostaglandins
  2. Enterotoxins
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15
Q

what is the pathogenesis of malabsorptive diarrhea

A

damage to villi—> villus atrophy—> decreased surface area for absorption—> +/- crypt hyperplasia—> +/- enhanced secretion

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16
Q

what viruses can cause malabsroptive diarrhea

A

rotaviruses, coronaviruses

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17
Q

what bacteria can cause malabsoprtive diarrhea

A

EPEC and EHEC

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18
Q

what parasites can cause malabsorptive diarrhea

A

cryptosporidium parvum, coccidia

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19
Q

altered motility can be seen __ and is __ or __ mediated

A

hypersecretion, prostaglandin or cAMP

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20
Q

increased permeability component of enteritis can result from any __

A

epithelial damage/loss

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21
Q

Inflammation will result in increase ___ dump fluid and protein into lamina propria and subsequent loss into intestinal lumen

A

vascular permeability

22
Q

Increased permeability is also associated with __

A

protein losing enteropathies (ex: IBD)

23
Q

Maldigestion can be secondary to __, linked with __

A

villus atrophy, malabsorption

24
Q

exocrine pancreas insufficiency is associated with what mechanism of diarrhea

A

Maldigestion

25
Q

what is the consequence of any type of diarrhea

A

Water loss-> dehydration—> hypovolemia—> inadequate tissue perfusion and hypovolemic shock

26
Q

what are some clinical signs of parvovirus

A

bloody diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia

27
Q

what are some gross signs of parvo

A

segmental hyperemia, fibrin deposition on serosa

28
Q

what is the pathogenesis of parvovirus

A

Cl- enters and damages crypts—> lack of replacement of absorptive enterocytes and loss of barrier function—> loss of fluids/bacterial translocation—> sepsis—> shock

29
Q

what are some microscopic findings of parvo

A

severe crypt necrosis

30
Q

what type of diarrhea does parvovirus cause

A

malabsoprtive diarrhea—> damages crypts so can’t regenerative villus tips

31
Q

what virus likely cause this

A

parvo

32
Q

Puppy with bloody diarrhea, anorexia, became septic and was euthanized. Histopath of intestines was performed and this was seen. What is likely cause and how do you know

A

Parvovirus- loss of crypts and secondary villus atrophy

33
Q

What are the microscopic findings of coronavirus in intestines

A

villus atrophy, but crypts intact

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis of enteritis caused by Pythian insidosum

A

dog ingest oomycete—> granulomatous enteritis—> obstruction

35
Q

chronic enteropathies associated with hypoproteinemia that lead to __

A

weight loss, diarrhea, edema, ascites

36
Q

what is the most common presentation of IBD

A

lymphoplasmocytic

37
Q

what is the cause of lymphoplasmacytic IBD

A

immune mediated

38
Q

what is cause of eosinophilic IBD

A

Food allergies vs parasite

39
Q

what breeds are predisposed to histiocytic/ulcerative/granulomatous IBD

A

boxers, French bulldogs

40
Q

What occurs during histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

diffuse thickening/ulceration of colon due to influx of foamy histiocytes (macrophages) and contain PAS positive material

41
Q

Boxer presents with chronic diarrhea, and weight loss- these were findings what is most likely dx and how do you know

A

histiocytic ulcerative colitis- diffuse thickening of colonic, PAS +, lots of macrophages

42
Q

what is cause of histiocytic ulcerative colitis

A

Invasive E. Coli

43
Q

define lymphangiectasia

A

dilation of lymph vessels/lacteals

44
Q

what blood work findings are consistent with lymphagiestasia

A

lymphopenia, hypocholesterolemia, hypoalbuminemia

45
Q

what dx

A

Lymphangiectasia

46
Q

What neoplasia most likely

A

adenocarcinoma

47
Q

What dx

A

Intestinal lymphoma

48
Q

mass was very firm and following histo was taken- what are your top 3 differentials and what test should be done to find definitive dx

A
  1. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  2. Leiomyoma
  3. Leiomyosarcoma

Test: IHC

49
Q

What breed most commonly gets perinatal fistulas

A

GSD

50
Q

a perianal fistula forms a track between __ and __

A

perianal skin and rectum

51
Q

what is the benign perianal tumor

A

adenoma

52
Q

what is malignant perianal tumor and what is a bloodwork sign

A

Apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma

BW: hypercalcemia

Pathology II (15 decks)

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