Lecture 43/44: Avian comparative anatomy (part 2) Flashcards
Medications are excreted by ______when these drugs are injections in pelvic limbs or caudal muscle masses
kidneys
what is clinically important to know when injecting medication involving the renal portal system
Avoid medications @ pelvic limbs which are intended to not be excreted
Medications are excreted by kidneys when these drugs are injections in pelvic limbs or caudal muscle masses
which nerve passes dorsal to kidney tissue within ventral recess of
synsacrum
ischiatic nerve
Ischiatic nerve subject to trauma & impact when _______ disease is present
EXAM*
kidney disease/injury
ischiatic nerve
Left ischiatic nerve
what are some Venipuncture sites in a bird
**exam; clinically relevant!!
jugular vein
brachial vein
medial metatarsal vein
dorsal vertebral vein
which vein is not humane to perform venipuncture on?
**exam!!
digital vein, via toe claw clipping
(painful & high risk of infection & contaminated blood samples)
which jugular vein is large on a bird
right side (depends on species of bird)
explain the proper technique to perform venipuncture on a bird using the brachial vein
minimum of 2 persons to safely restrain the avian patient
patient should NOT be restrained without protection of wing
brachial vein
T/F Avian species have NO true thoracic or abdominal cavities
true
avian species have NO true thoracic or
abdominal cavities, instead they have 1 body cavity known as
***EXAM
coelomic cavity
the coelomic cavity has multiple _____
multiple air sacs
multiple air sacs throughout coelomic cavity. Some air sacs penetrate ____________
penetrate pneumatic bones, including:
proximal humeri, bilaterally
T/F birds have a hepatic portal system and a renal portal system
true
“apertura”/ apterium of a bird
refers to the featherless area where the jugular vein is located
which vein is located midline & proximal to pygostyle
dorsal vertebral vein
Why do we not take a blood sample at the point of the cubital joint
area of flexion, make hematoma worse
T/F Birds have NO true muscular diaphragm
TRUE; they have horizontal septum as alternative structure
what is located in the horizontal septum
multiple air sacs, positioned cranial
to caudal in coelomic cavity
vent is the opening to the outside after the cloaca
what is the ventriculus lined with
kaolin lining (important to find parasites)
why do some birds ingest gravel or small stones
some species ingest gravel or small stones to assist in grinding ingesta
during digestive process
Proventriculus & ventriculus (stomach)
which order of birds have a double cecum
Galliformes spp
which order of birds have NO CECUM
Psittacine spp.
what is the Merkel’s diverticulum
6
yolk sac remnant
what is the Coprodeum
part of the cloacal that receives feces from gi tract
what is the Urodeum
part of the cloacal that receives urates from kidneys & either eggs or sperm
from reproductive tract
what is the Proctodeum
common region of the cloaca
what nasal concha do birds have in the nasal cavity
*dorsal concha
*middle concha
*ventral concha
what is this pointing to
Choanal slit= split hard palate that communicates between the nasal and oral cavity
**have papilla
T/F birds dont have a larynx
true
what is significant about the trachea of the bird
*complete tracheal rings
*often possess ossified rings
what should you never use on a bird due to their trachea
this will cause damage to the mucosa and they wont be able to use the trachea
A CUFFED ETT
what is the origin of sound production in birds
Syrinx
identify #3
Syrinx
where is the syrinx located
at bifurcation of primary bronchi
Avian species lack muscular diaphragm; instead Avian species posses _______
horizontal septum
DESCRIBE THE LOCATION/ ORIENTATION OF THE AIR SACS
EXAM!!
most of air sacs are bilaterally symmetrical, some air sacs are single, but span across entire ceolom
is the interclavicular air sac bilateral
no
anterior and posterior, instead use cranial and caudal
DONT put a IO for fluids in which bone of a bird
humerus; you’ll drown them
Avian Respirations:
One-Way Air Flow
HAVE TO KNOW
Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow
During inspiration 1 air flows to
caudal air sacs
Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow
During expiration 1 air flows to
through lungs
Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow
During inspiration 2 air flows
air flows to cranial air sacs
Avian Respirations: One-Way Air Flow
During expiration 2 air flows
air flows out trachea
what action are they showing
Courtship behavior in macaroni penguing= Mutual grooming (preening)
list the parts of the Hen” female chicken Reproductive Tract
*ovaries
*infundibulum
*magnum
*uterus (shell gland)
*vagina
*urodeum
*cloaca
Repro. Tract components of the male
*testes
*ductus
..deferens
*urodeum
*cloaca
*phallus
what is the phallus
“penis” of birds
is grooved, open area in urethral region that they put in the vent of the female will have semen flow down the groove
why can we not use penis interchangeably with phallus
penis= mammalian structure with enclosed urethra
phallus= avian
what is unique about the avian brain
Displays lissencephalia (smooth external surface)
which brain in an avian species
left (smooth)
T/F birds have terrible eyesight
false, great eyesight
what is significant about the avian skeletal system regarding their eyes
possess scleral bones in series which overlap to form circle of bony plates
what structure is being pointed to
Scleral ossicles
what is the name of the bone surrounding the eye area
Owl skull: with scleral ossicles forming a ring
what part of the avian eye supplies the nutrients to the retina
PECTEN
(have to know how to spell, one letter off will be marked incorrect)
is this an avian eye or mammalian eye
avian
what is this
Ophthalmoscope exam of pecten
Scanning electron microscopic image of pecten
avian species have an __________ field of view
overlap of field of view
T/F Most avian species have limited binocular vision
true!
what is this
Californiia Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)
I think I’ve seen this on a NAVLE prep question
