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CVM: 720 Anatomy II > Lecture 2: Myology of thoracic limb > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Myology of thoracic limb Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic muscles attaches to the scapula

A

trapezius
rhomboideus
serratus ventralis
omotransversarius

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2
Q

what are the parts of the trapezius

A
  1. cervical
  2. thoracic
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3
Q
A

the omotransverarius and brachiocephalicus are very attached

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4
Q

identify the muscle A

Identify the parts of the muscle associated with 5 and 6

A

A: Pectoralis muscles

  1. superficial pectoral muscle
  2. deep pectoral muscle
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5
Q

identify the muscle

A

Serratus ventralis (2 parts)

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6
Q

identify the muscle

A
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7
Q

identify the ligament (1) and the bone (2)

A
  1. Dorsal scapular ligament
  2. Dorsal border of scapula
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8
Q

what is the job of the Dorsal scapular ligament

A

starts at the supraspinatus ligament
Fibroelastic

Help keep scapula/limb in place

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

how many parts does the rhomboideus have

A

2; cervical and thoracic

**under the trapezius muscle

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11
Q

The Thoracic “Sling” is what kind of joint

A

Synsarcosis

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12
Q

define Synsarcosis

A

joint that binds 2 bony structures by muscles

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13
Q

identify the term:

The extrinsic muscles suspend the trunk between the forelimbs and fix the
scapula.

A

The Thoracic “Sling”

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14
Q

identify the muscles that make up the The Thoracic “Sling”

A
  1. trapezius
  2. rhomboideus m.
  3. Serratus ventralis m.
  4. Pectoralis m

(white line between trapezius and scapula is showing the dorsal scapular ligament)

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15
Q

whats wrong with this horse

A

Rupture of serratus ventralis muscle

the large protrusion is the scapula and cartilage out of place!

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16
Q

list the Intrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder

A
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17
Q

identify the 2 muscles

A

blue: Supraspinatus
green: Infraspinatus

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18
Q

action of Supraspinatus

A

Extend & stabilize the humeral joint

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19
Q

action of Infraspinatus m.

A

Fixator and abductor of the humeral joint

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20
Q

what are the 2 insertion points for the Infraspinatus muscle

A

– I: Superficial tendon – on the greater
tubercle of humerus
* Infraspinatus bursa (very large and important in horse)

– I: Deep tendon – on the caudal eminence
of greater tubercle

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21
Q

how many heads does the Deltoideus m. have in a horse

A

one!

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22
Q

action of Deltoideus m.

A

Flexor and abductor of the shoulder

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23
Q

origin of the Deltoideus m.

A

Caudal border of scapula,
aponeurosis which covers infraspinatus

aponeurosis is very big

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24
Q

identify the muscles

A

blue: Deltoideus
green: *Subclavius

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25
Q

what is significant about the *Subclavius muscle

A
  • very close to the supraspinatus m.
  • actually an extrinsic muscle NOT intrinsic
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26
Q

what is the origin of the *Subclavius

A

Cranial part of the sternum closely
associated to supraspinatus m.

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27
Q

what is the action of the *Subclavius

A

Complement the pectoral muscle

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28
Q

action of Subscapularis

A

Stabilize the shoulder and adduction

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29
Q

action of Teres Major

A

Mainly flexor of the shoulder

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30
Q
A

blue: Subscapularis
green: Teres Major

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31
Q

List the Intrinsic Muscles of the Brachium

what are the main ones we need to focus on

A

Dr. P stressed the Triceps Brachii and Biceps Brachii

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32
Q

origin of Biceps Brachii

A

Supraglenoid tubercle (very big, easy to find)

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33
Q

insertion of the Biceps Brachii

A
  1. Radial tuberosity
  2. extensor carpi radialis via lacertus fibrosus (tendon)
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34
Q

action of biceps brachii

A

Flexor of the elbow and extensor of the
shoulder

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35
Q

– Located between the tendon of origin of
biceps brachii and the intertubercular
grooves of the humerus

A

Intertubercular bursa

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35
Q

identify the muscle with the blue arrow

A

bicep brachii

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36
Q

– Tendinous insertion of biceps brachii on
the extensor carpi radialis m.
– Part of the stay apparatus

A

Lacertus fibrosus

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37
Q

T/F biceps brachii is very important for gait

A

true

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38
Q
A

lacterus fibrosis inserts in the extensor carpi radialis and goes to the metacarpus

**blocks 3 joints with animal is standing

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39
Q
A
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40
Q

origins of tricep brachii

A

– O: Long head – caudal border of the
scapula

– O: Lateral head – deltoid tuberosity

– O: Medial head –medial aspect of humerus

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41
Q

insertion of Triceps Brachii

A

– I: Olecranon tuber (ALL 3 insert here!)

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42
Q

action of Triceps Brachii

A

Extension of the elbow and flexion of
the shoulder

43
Q

what muscle is being pointed to

A

heads of the tricep brachii

44
Q

Between long head of triceps and olecranon
* Subcutaneous

A

Bursae- Subtendinous (2)

45
Q

the tricep brachii is known as a _________ to the bicep brachii

A

antagonist

46
Q

how many heads does the tricep of a horse have compared to a dog

A

3 in a horse; dog has 4

47
Q

action of tricep brachii

A

Extension of the elbow and flexion of
the shoulder

(extension is MAIN action)

48
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium
and manus:

what muscles make up the Craniolateral
group and what are their actions

A

extend carpus and digit III

49
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the antebrachium
and manus:extend carpus and digit III

what muscles make up the Caudomedial
group and what are their actions

A

Flex carpus and digit III

50
Q

why don’t horses have a pronator/supinator

A

they cannot pronate/supinate because their radius and ulna are fused

51
Q

origin of Extensor Carpi Radialis

A

Lateral supracondylar crest of the humerus (higher up than the rest of the extensors)

52
Q

action of Extensor Carpi Radialis

A

Extend and fix the carpus and flex the elbow joint

extend is the main action

53
Q

origin of Common Digital Extensor

A
  • O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
54
Q

insertion of Common Digital Extensor

A

I: Extensor process of distal phalanx and dorsal surface of proximal and middle phalanges

55
Q

action of Common Digital Extensor

A

Extend the carpus and digit and flex the elbow joint

**main action is extend digit

56
Q
A

blue: Extensor Carpi Radialis
green: Common Digital Extensor

57
Q
A

blue: Lateral Digital Extensor
green: Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris
Lateralis)

58
Q

origin of Lateral Digital Extensor

A

Lateral tuberosity of the radius, lateral
collateral ligament of the elbow

**tiny because we only have 1 digit, no lateral digits

59
Q

insertions points for Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris Lateralis)

A

I: Short tendon –accessory carpal bone
I: Long tendon – metacarpal bone IV

60
Q

action of Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris
Lateralis)

A

A: Flex and abduct the carpus

**innervated by radial nerve

61
Q
A

blue: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
green: Flexor Carpi Radialis

62
Q

origins of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A
  • O: Humeral head – Medial epicondyle of the
    humerus
  • O: Ulnar head – olecranon
63
Q

insertion of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

I: Accessory carpal bone

64
Q

action of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
what nerve is involved

A

Flex the carpus and extend the elbow joint

ulnar n.

65
Q

origin of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A
  • O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus
66
Q

insertion of Flexor Carpi Radialis

A
  • I: Metacarpal bone II
67
Q

action of Flexor Carpi Radialis

what nerve is involved

A

Flex the carpus and extend the elbow joint

Median n.
(it is a small muscle)

68
Q

what muscle is this

A

SDF

69
Q

what muscle is this

A

DDF

70
Q

origin of Superficial Digital Flexor

A

O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and radius (proximal accessory ligament)

71
Q

action of SDF

A

Flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint) and carpus and extend the elbow joint

72
Q

how many heads does the DDF have

A
  • O: Humeral head – Medial epicondyle of the
    humerus (distal accessory ligament)
  • O: Ulnar head –olecranon
  • O: Radial head –radius
73
Q

action of DDF

A
  • A: Flex the digit and carpus and extend the elbow joint
74
Q

what is being pointed to

A

proximal= green, distal= red

proximal and distal accessory “check” ligament (connective tissue)

75
Q

what is the the suspensory apparatus

A

Suspensory ligament
* Aka interosseous muscle

76
Q

why is the Suspensory ligament referred to as a ligament

what is the definition of a ligament

A

binds 2 structures–> connects bone to bone

77
Q

T/F The suspensory apparatus is Passive: DOES NOT FLEX JOINTS

A

true; it fixes the joint

78
Q

T/F The suspensory apparatus has very little muscle fiber in large animals

A

true

79
Q

what are the 4 parts of the suspensory apparatus

A

Broken down into 4 anatomical areas
* Proximal
* Mid-body (divides in 2 to make branches)
* Branches
* Extensor branches

80
Q

where do the branches of the suspensory apparatus insert at

A

proximal sesamoid bone

81
Q

where does the extensor branches of the suspensory apparatus go

A

dorsal; fuse with common digital extensor tendon

82
Q

what are Distal Sesamoidean Ligaments

A

Continuation of suspensory ligament distal to sesamoids

83
Q

T/F Stay Apparatus prevents joints from collapsing

A

true; allows them to stand all day!

84
Q

what is the term for:

Group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia and joints.

Allows horses to maintain their standing posture for hours, without energy loss

A

Equine stay apparatus

85
Q

Can horses sleep standing?

A

no, they “rest” standing

sleep on ground like a dog for about 4 hours or less

86
Q

origin of Supraspinatus

A

– O: Supraspinous fossa.

87
Q

insertion of Supraspinatus

A

Greater and lesser tubercles of humerus

88
Q

insertion of Deltoideus

A

Deltoid tuberosity

89
Q

insertion of *Subclavius

A

supraspinatus muscle epimysium

90
Q

origin of Subscapularis

A

Subscapular fossa

91
Q

insertion of Subscapularis

A

Lesser tubercle of humerus

92
Q

origin of Teres Major

A

Caudal angle of the scapula and
adjacent caudal border of scapula

93
Q

insertion of Teres Major

A

Teres major tuberosity of humerus

94
Q

insertion of Triceps Brachii

A

Olecranon tuber

95
Q

insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis

A

Metacarpal tuberosity

96
Q

Extensor Carpi Radialis
Common Digital Extensor
Lateral Digital Extensor
Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris
Lateralis)

what nerve is involved with these muscles

A

radial n.

97
Q

insertion of Lateral Digital Extensor

A

Dorsal aspect of proximal phalanx

98
Q

action of Lateral Digital Extensor

what nerve is involved

A

Extend the carpus and digit; Radial n.

99
Q

origin of Extensor carpi ulnaris (Ulnaris lateralis)

what nerve is involved

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus; radial n.

100
Q

insertion of Superficial Digital Flexor

A

Flexor surfaces of proximal and middle
phalanges

101
Q

action of Superficial Digital Flexor and nerve involved

A

Flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint) and carpus and extend the elbow joint

Ulnar n.

102
Q

origin of Deep Digital Flexor

A

O: Humeral head – Medial epicondyle of the
humerus (distal accessory ligament)
* O: Ulnar head –olecranon
* O: Radial head –radius

103
Q

insertion of Deep Digital Flexor

A
  • I: Flexor surface of the distal phalanx
104
Q

action of Deep Digital Flexor and nerve involved

A

N: Median and ulnar nn.

A: Flex the digit and carpus and extend the elbow joint

CVM: 720 Anatomy II (5 decks)

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