exam 2: accessory digestive (might go back and add) Flashcards
what organ is this:
Primarily to right of median plane
Right side: 6th – ~15th rib
Left side: 6th – ~11th rib
liver
T/F horses have a gallbladder
false
what are the landmarks for a liver biopsy
Landmarks: line from tuber coxae → point of shoulder; line from tuber coxae → tuber olecrani
Between 12th and 14th ICS at level between lines of above landmarks
what organ is located here:
Left side, dorsal; never touches abdominal floor
Stomach
what part of the stomach is located at the11th rib (upper)
cardia
what part of the stomach is located at the 15th rib (upper)
fundus
what part of the stomach is located at the : 9th – 10th rib (middle)
body, lowest part
what organ is located Left side, immediately caudal to stomach
Spleen
where is the right kidney located
Right: Ribs 16 – 18 (upper), caudal pole is cranial to transverse process of L1
where is the left kidney located
Left: Rib 18 (upper) and TPs of L1-L3
Visceral Projections on Abdominal Wall
what organs are included
Liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys
Cranial extent of abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Caudal extent of thoracic cavity
Line of pleural reflection
Diaphragm dome is located at what ribs
Dome: Ribs 6 (CC jxn.), 9 (middle), 15 (upper)
Line of pleural reflection are located at what ribs
8th/9th costal cartilages (crosses costochondral jxn., rib 9), gentle slope to rib 18 and 17th ICS
Basal border of lungs are located at what ribs
Ribs 6 (CC jxn.), 11 (middle), 16 (upper)
the liver is completely under cover of the _____and________
ribs, diaphragm
Does the liver extend to the abdominal floor, as in the dog
NO
epiploic foramen
epiploic foramen is the opening into the ________
omental bursa
epiploic foramen is bounded by what DORSALLY
Caudal vena cava and caudate lobe
of liver, dorsally
epiploic foramen is bounded by what VENTRALLY
Hepatic portal vein and pancreas,
ventrally
epiploic foramen tends to get the ________ entrapped
Small intestine
Usually, the ileum is involved, either alone or in combination with the jejunum
▪ Lies largely to the right of the median plane
▪ Pressed against dorsal wall of abdomen
what organ is this describing
pancreas
Body of the pancreas extends into the cranial ___________
duodenal flexure
the right lobe of the pancreas contacts _________
descending duodenum
Left lobe of the pancreas extends toward left kidney, contacts ______ and _________
spleen and fundus of stomach
what does the pancreas form a ring (anulus) around
the hepatic portal vein
Ventral surface of the pancreas is is directly bound to the ____________
right dorsal colon and cecal base, the dorsal
surface to the right kidney and liver
The bulk of the liver is located to the (right/left) of the median plane
right
Note that the point of the elbow is aligned with the ___th rib/IC space
4th
Is this normal?
No, jaundice/icterus showing liver problems.
Need to liver biopsy and run labs
what is the falciform ligament a remaining part of
umbilical vein
Liver biopsy is performed on the left or right side of the horse
Performed on the right side of the horse
▪ Between 12th and 14th ICS
A common site for blind liver biopsy is
the 14th intercostal space near a line
drawn from the ___________ to the point
of the_________
tuber coxae , shoulder
How does an ultrasound come into play when doing a liver biopsy
Ultrasound assisted liver biopsy.
what are all of the structures the needle needs to pass through when doing a liver biopsy
T/F Lesions can sometimes be seen during
gross examination of liver biopsy
true
what organs may inadvertently be biopsied during a liver biopsy
▪ Lung
▪ Kidney
▪ Intestine
Liver Biopsy must be repeated if it contains ____________
intestinal contents
Liver topography:
Cranial border conforms to _____________
Caudodorsal border is in contact with the ___________
diaphragm; stomach
▪ Liver (3)
▪ Stomach (2)
▪ Spleen (4)
▪ Under cover of the ribs, but caudalmost corner may extend into flank
▪ Parietal surface lies against internal aspect of diaphragm
▪ Sickle-shaped
what organ
spleen
the base of the spleen is under the last _______ ribs, apex is generally at the _____ rib
3-4th; 10th or 9th rib, handbreadth above costal arches
___________ ligament extends from greater
curvature of stomach to spleen
Gastrosplenic
what surface of the spleen is this
viceral
__________ ligament extends from left kidney to spleen
Nephrosplenic (a.k.a., renosplenic) ligament
Nephrosplenic (a.k.a., renosplenic) ligament
what is nephrosplenic entrapment
Left portion of the large colon is entrapped over the renosplenic ligament, and the spleen is engorged with blood
T/F The blood supply to unpaired abdominal organs is all the same in all species
true
what artery supplies cranial abdominal organs
Celiac artery
what artery supplies distal portion of descending duodenum through proximal part of descending colon
Cranial mesenteric artery
what artery supplies distal (aboral) part of descending colon and proximal (oral) part of rectum
Caudal mesenteric artery
what arteries match A, B, C
▪ Celiac artery (A)
▪ Cranial mesenteric artery (B)
▪ Caudal mesenteric artery (C)
T/F The blood supply to the abdominal viscera of the horse is basically the same as that of the dog.
true
what are the branches off of the celiac artery
Left gastric a.
Hepatic a.
Splenic a.
what does the Left gastric a supply
lesser curvature of stomach and distal esophagus
what does the hepatic a. supply
liver, stomach, duodenum,
pancreas
what are the branches off of the hepatic a.
▪ Right gastric a.
▪ Gastroduodenal a
what are the branches off of the Gastroduodenal a
Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a
Right gastroepiploic a
what does the right gastric a. supply
lesser curvature of stomach
what does the Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a supply
duodenum and pancreas
Right gastroepiploic a supplies
greater curvature of stomach
what does the Splenic a. supply
spleen, stomach
what is a branch off of the splenic a.
Left gastroepiploic a.
what does the Left gastroepiploic a. supply
greater curvature of stomach
what are the branches off of the cranial mesenteric artery
▪ Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.
▪ Jejunal aa.
▪ Ileal a.
▪ Middle colic a.
▪ Right colic a.
▪ Ileocolic a.
what 3 arteries supply the small intestine
▪ Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.
▪ Jejunal aa.
▪ Ileal a.
what 3 arteries arise from the common trunk and supply the colon
▪ Middle colic a.
▪ Right colic a.
▪ Ileocolic a
what are the 3 branches off of the Ileocolic a
▪ Colic branch (of ilieocolic a.)
▪ Cecal aa., medial and lateral
▪ Ileal a.
what are the branches off of the caudal mesenteric artery
▪ Left colic a.
▪ Cranial rectal a.
horse or dog
horse
horse or dog
dog
In a horse:
Right colic & middle colic arteries usually
come from a _____________ and not in
common with_____________
common trunk; ileocolic a.
During rectal palpation use the root of the _________________ as a reference point
root of the mesentery at the level of the first lumbar vertebra
▪ Structures cranial to the root of the mesentery are (within/out) of reach.
▪ Structures caudal to the root of the mesentery are (within/out) reach.
out of reach
within
Very important to understand that palpable structures will always vary with the size of the ________ and the length of the _________
animal, veterinarian’s arm!
