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CVM: 720 Anatomy II > exam 1: Main differences between dog and horse > Flashcards

exam 1: Main differences between dog and horse Flashcards

1
Q

What is not on the scapula of a horse that is on a dog

A

acromion

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2
Q

How many facies serrata are on a horse scapula compared to a dogs

A

horse= 2
dog= 1

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3
Q

How is the humerus of a horse different from a dog (5 key things)

A
  1. intermediate tubercle
  2. two intertubercular grooves
  3. Radial fossa NOT foramen like dog
  4. sigmoid shape
  5. exaggerated deltoid tuberosity
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4
Q

How is the horse radius/ulna different from a dogs

A

they’r fused!

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5
Q

What is significant in the horse regarding the metacarpal/metatarsal bones

A

splint bones (MC/MT 2 and 4)

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6
Q

what is different of the horse deltoid compared to a dog

A

one belly; no acromial part

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7
Q

what is different of the horse triceps compared to a dog

A

true 3 head muscles, dog has 4

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8
Q

what is the tendinous insertion of the bicep on the extensor carpi radialis m

A

lacertus fibrosus

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9
Q

what are the names of the “extra” ligaments in a horse front limb that dogs don’t have

A

proximal check ligament (SDF)
distal check ligament (DDF)

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10
Q

What is significant about the bicep brachii in the horse that aids gait

A

origin tendon and bursa

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11
Q

what is located between tendon of origin of bicep and intertubercular groove of humerus

A

intertubercular bursa

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12
Q

what apparatus(s) is significant to the horse

A

suspensory apparatus aka suspensory ligament/interosseous muscle

stay apparatus

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13
Q

what is the stay apparatus

A

group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and joints that allows horse to maintain their standing posture for hours without loss of energy

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14
Q

How is the horse sacrotuberous ligament different compared to a dog

A

dog= cord like
horse= very broad

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15
Q

what is significant about a horse greater trochanter

A

divided into cranial and caudal parts

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16
Q

How does the 3rd trochanter in a horse compare to a dog

A

very prominent

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17
Q

does the equine long digital extensor originate at the extensor fossa of the femur and pass through the extensor groove of the tibia like in a canine

A

yes

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18
Q

what is the additional muscle in a horse that originate at the extensor fossa of the femur and pass through the extensor groove of the tibia

A

fibularis terius

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19
Q

what is significant about the fibula in a horse compared to a dog

A

reduced in a horse

elongate, separate bone in a dog

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20
Q

what is important to know about the lateral malleolus in a horse compared to a dog

A

in a horse instead of it being the lateral malleolus of the fibula, it is of the tibia

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21
Q

How are the bones of the tarsus different in a horse compared to dog

A

tarsal 1 and 2 are fused in a horse

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22
Q

are metacarpal 1 or 5 important in a horse

A

no

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23
Q

what digit does a horse bear weight on

A

digit 3

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24
Q

what is the name of the ligament that is unique to horse that detaches from the prepubic tendon

A

accessory ligament

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25
Q

purpose of accessory ligament

A

restricts movement and stabilize joint; rarely a coxal luxation

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26
Q

T/F stifle joint of a horse is similar to a dog

A

true

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27
Q

In the horse, how does the patella attach

A

attaches to tibial tuberosity by 3 patellar ligaments

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28
Q

what structure is important for the patellar locking mechanism in a horse

A

parapatellar fibrocartilage

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29
Q

In the horse the ___________ is NOT the most superficial muscle of the crus

A

cranial tibial m

30
Q

do horses have a fibularis longus

A

nope

31
Q

how does the soleus of a horse compare to the one of the dog

A

present; lot smaller

contributes to the common calcanean tendon

32
Q

what is the name of the tendon related to the cranial tibial m

A

cunean tendon (medial tendon) fused to tarsal 1 and 2

33
Q

what is the tricep surae m. composed of

A

gastrocnemius and soleus m

34
Q

is there a proximal check ligament in the hindlimb of a horse

A

NO!

35
Q

what makes up the reciprocal apparatus

A

SDF and fibularis tertius

36
Q

If the stifle can be locked in extension, the hock will also lock in extension as well

what is there called

A

passive stay

37
Q

is the foramen lacerum unique to the horse

A

yes, made of some of the individual foramen we saw in the dog

38
Q

What process is NOT present on the equine mandible

A

angular process

39
Q

do dogs have a manica flexoria

A

yes, we didn’t focus on it. Very small compared to the horse

Horse is more significant

40
Q

Why does sweeny shoulder happen in horses a lot

A

They don’t have the acromion on their scapula to protect their suprascapular nerve like a dog does– also a lot stronger animal

41
Q

what does the ulnar n. divide into

A

dorsal branch

lateral palmar

42
Q

what does the median n. divide into

A

lateral palmar and medial palmar

43
Q

what does the lateral palmer n. divide into

A

lateral and medial palmar metacarpal

44
Q

what are the arteries of the forelimb in order from axillary down to our palmar digital arteries

A

axillary–brachial–median–medial palmar– lateral and medial palmar digital

45
Q

main blood supply of forelimb is from what artery

A

MEDIAN A.

46
Q

what does the radial artery divide into

A

medial and lateral palmar metacarpal AND lateral palmar

47
Q

what does the sciatic n. divide into

A

tibial and common fibularis

48
Q

what does the fibular n. divide into

A

deep fibular and superfical fibular

49
Q

what does the deep fibular n. divide into

A

lateral and medial dorsal metatarsal

50
Q

what does the tibial n divide into

A

caudal cutaneous sural
lateral plantar
medial plantar

51
Q

what does the lateral plantar n. divide into

A

deep branch which then splits into lateral and medial plantar metatarsal

52
Q

what is the ONLY muscle that opens the mandible

A

DIGASTRICUS M

53
Q

T/F the masseter muscles are significantly larger in a horse compared to a dog

A

true (i know this is obvious, this is a break for your brain)

54
Q

what difference is important to note about the digastricus in a horse compared to a dog

A

3 bellies; rostral-caudal- occipitomandibularis

55
Q

what do the ptyergoid muscles specifically aid with in a horse

A

right and left excursion for grinding of food

56
Q

How many vertebrae are in horse compared to a dog

A

18 +/- 1

57
Q

T/F the equine thorax is the longest/largest of domestic animals

A

true

58
Q

do dogs have a lateral vertebral foramen on their vertebrae

A

nope

59
Q

T/F the spinous process of a horse vertebrae are the same as a dog

A

false; longer

60
Q

T/F horses have floating ribs

A

false

61
Q

what ribs are sternal vs. asternal in a horse

A

1-8= sternal
9-18= asternal

62
Q

what is significant about the horse sternum compared to the dog with regards to its shape

A

horse is a keel shape

63
Q

Is it common for the spinous processes to touch in a horse

A

yes, may happen (kissing spinous processes)

64
Q

is the nutrient foramen visible on the horse vertebrae

A

yes, bc they’re so big

65
Q

What additional ligament do horses have located near the nuchal ligament that aid with weight distribution

A

dorsoscapular ligament

66
Q

where is the dorsoscapular ligament located

A

top of spinous processes towards the scapula, under the supraspinous ligament

67
Q

what is located underneath the supraspinous ligament that is not in a dog but is in a horse

A

supraspinous bursa (prevents friction but can get inflammed)

68
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae in a horse

A

usually 6, 5 have been reported in domestic horses

69
Q

what is the position of the lumbar vertebrae transverse processes in a horse compared to a dog

A

dog= cranioventral position
horse= horizontal

70
Q

what is significant about the spinous processes of the sacrum in the horse

A

partially fused

71
Q

what is formed from the last rib, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and coxal tuber

A

paralumbar fossa

72
Q

action of ulnaris lateralis

A

FLEX and abduct carpus

CVM: 720 Anatomy II (15 decks)

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