exam 1: Main differences between dog and horse Flashcards
What is not on the scapula of a horse that is on a dog
acromion
How many facies serrata are on a horse scapula compared to a dogs
horse= 2
dog= 1
How is the humerus of a horse different from a dog (5 key things)
- intermediate tubercle
- two intertubercular grooves
- Radial fossa NOT foramen like dog
- sigmoid shape
- exaggerated deltoid tuberosity
How is the horse radius/ulna different from a dogs
they’r fused!
What is significant in the horse regarding the metacarpal/metatarsal bones
splint bones (MC/MT 2 and 4)
what is different of the horse deltoid compared to a dog
one belly; no acromial part
what is different of the horse triceps compared to a dog
true 3 head muscles, dog has 4
what is the tendinous insertion of the bicep on the extensor carpi radialis m
lacertus fibrosus
what are the names of the “extra” ligaments in a horse front limb that dogs don’t have
proximal check ligament (SDF)
distal check ligament (DDF)
What is significant about the bicep brachii in the horse that aids gait
origin tendon and bursa
what is located between tendon of origin of bicep and intertubercular groove of humerus
intertubercular bursa
what apparatus(s) is significant to the horse
suspensory apparatus aka suspensory ligament/interosseous muscle
stay apparatus
what is the stay apparatus
group of muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, and joints that allows horse to maintain their standing posture for hours without loss of energy
How is the horse sacrotuberous ligament different compared to a dog
dog= cord like
horse= very broad
what is significant about a horse greater trochanter
divided into cranial and caudal parts
How does the 3rd trochanter in a horse compare to a dog
very prominent
does the equine long digital extensor originate at the extensor fossa of the femur and pass through the extensor groove of the tibia like in a canine
yes
what is the additional muscle in a horse that originate at the extensor fossa of the femur and pass through the extensor groove of the tibia
fibularis terius
what is significant about the fibula in a horse compared to a dog
reduced in a horse
elongate, separate bone in a dog
what is important to know about the lateral malleolus in a horse compared to a dog
in a horse instead of it being the lateral malleolus of the fibula, it is of the tibia
How are the bones of the tarsus different in a horse compared to dog
tarsal 1 and 2 are fused in a horse
are metacarpal 1 or 5 important in a horse
no
what digit does a horse bear weight on
digit 3
what is the name of the ligament that is unique to horse that detaches from the prepubic tendon
accessory ligament
purpose of accessory ligament
restricts movement and stabilize joint; rarely a coxal luxation
T/F stifle joint of a horse is similar to a dog
true
In the horse, how does the patella attach
attaches to tibial tuberosity by 3 patellar ligaments
what structure is important for the patellar locking mechanism in a horse
parapatellar fibrocartilage
In the horse the ___________ is NOT the most superficial muscle of the crus
cranial tibial m
do horses have a fibularis longus
nope
how does the soleus of a horse compare to the one of the dog
present; lot smaller
contributes to the common calcanean tendon
what is the name of the tendon related to the cranial tibial m
cunean tendon (medial tendon) fused to tarsal 1 and 2
what is the tricep surae m. composed of
gastrocnemius and soleus m
is there a proximal check ligament in the hindlimb of a horse
NO!
what makes up the reciprocal apparatus
SDF and fibularis tertius
If the stifle can be locked in extension, the hock will also lock in extension as well
what is there called
passive stay
is the foramen lacerum unique to the horse
yes, made of some of the individual foramen we saw in the dog
What process is NOT present on the equine mandible
angular process
do dogs have a manica flexoria
yes, we didn’t focus on it. Very small compared to the horse
Horse is more significant
Why does sweeny shoulder happen in horses a lot
They don’t have the acromion on their scapula to protect their suprascapular nerve like a dog does– also a lot stronger animal
what does the ulnar n. divide into
dorsal branch
lateral palmar
what does the median n. divide into
lateral palmar and medial palmar
what does the lateral palmer n. divide into
lateral and medial palmar metacarpal
what are the arteries of the forelimb in order from axillary down to our palmar digital arteries
axillary–brachial–median–medial palmar– lateral and medial palmar digital
main blood supply of forelimb is from what artery
MEDIAN A.
what does the radial artery divide into
medial and lateral palmar metacarpal AND lateral palmar
what does the sciatic n. divide into
tibial and common fibularis
what does the fibular n. divide into
deep fibular and superfical fibular
what does the deep fibular n. divide into
lateral and medial dorsal metatarsal
what does the tibial n divide into
caudal cutaneous sural
lateral plantar
medial plantar
what does the lateral plantar n. divide into
deep branch which then splits into lateral and medial plantar metatarsal
what is the ONLY muscle that opens the mandible
DIGASTRICUS M
T/F the masseter muscles are significantly larger in a horse compared to a dog
true (i know this is obvious, this is a break for your brain)
what difference is important to note about the digastricus in a horse compared to a dog
3 bellies; rostral-caudal- occipitomandibularis
what do the ptyergoid muscles specifically aid with in a horse
right and left excursion for grinding of food
How many vertebrae are in horse compared to a dog
18 +/- 1
T/F the equine thorax is the longest/largest of domestic animals
true
do dogs have a lateral vertebral foramen on their vertebrae
nope
T/F the spinous process of a horse vertebrae are the same as a dog
false; longer
T/F horses have floating ribs
false
what ribs are sternal vs. asternal in a horse
1-8= sternal
9-18= asternal
what is significant about the horse sternum compared to the dog with regards to its shape
horse is a keel shape
Is it common for the spinous processes to touch in a horse
yes, may happen (kissing spinous processes)
is the nutrient foramen visible on the horse vertebrae
yes, bc they’re so big
What additional ligament do horses have located near the nuchal ligament that aid with weight distribution
dorsoscapular ligament
where is the dorsoscapular ligament located
top of spinous processes towards the scapula, under the supraspinous ligament
what is located underneath the supraspinous ligament that is not in a dog but is in a horse
supraspinous bursa (prevents friction but can get inflammed)
number of lumbar vertebrae in a horse
usually 6, 5 have been reported in domestic horses
what is the position of the lumbar vertebrae transverse processes in a horse compared to a dog
dog= cranioventral position
horse= horizontal
what is significant about the spinous processes of the sacrum in the horse
partially fused
what is formed from the last rib, transverse process of lumbar vertebrae and coxal tuber
paralumbar fossa
action of ulnaris lateralis
FLEX and abduct carpus
