Lecture 29/30: Anatomy of the Ruminant Alimentary System Flashcards
what are two good sites to get blood from a goat (caprine)
Jugular vein
Subcutaneous abdominal vein (milk vein)
a process where they regurgitate, re-chew, and reswallow partially digested feed (cud) to further break down plant matter and aid digestion
Ruminating
what are the parts of the multi-chambered stomach of a goat
- Rumenn (paunch)
- Reticulum(honeycomb)
- Omasumm (maniply)
- Abomasum (true stomach)
Use the terms orad and aborad
Food moves orad to aborad
orad= towards mouth/oral
aborad= away from mouth
Is the intestines of a goat longer than a horse
they are about 100 feet long (25x the length of the goat)
** Dr.Nader said to notice how much more longer the intestines are**
T/F ruminants have a spiral colon
true
Bovine multichambered stomach:
(smaller/larger) volumes
Larger
Identify A-D
A. Rumen
B. Reticulum
C. Omasum
D. Abomasum
Identify 6,7,8,11,13
identify 9,12,14,16,18,17,30
NEED TO KNOW ARTERIES
NEED TO FIND SOURCE
T/F the caudodorsal blind sac is not as big in goats vs. cows
true
Right or Left side
right
what compartment of the multi-chambered stomach has a:
Carpet like appearance
Rumen
what compartment of the multi-chambered stomach has a:
Honecomb
Reticulum
what compartment of the multi-chambered stomach has a:
Possess laminae omasi
Omasum
what compartment of the multi-chambered stomach has a:
Possess larger permanent folds (plica)
Abomasum
Rumen
Surfaces:
Curvatures:
Ends:
Surfaces - parietal, visceral
Curvatures - dorsal, ventral
Ends - cranial, caudal
List some grooves of the Rumen
Cranial transverse
Right and left longitudinal
Right accessory
Caudal transverse (2)
What are the sacs of the rumen
Dorsal larger sac
Ventral larger sac
Cado-dorsal blind sac
Caudo-ventral blind sa
List the Surfaces, Curvatures, and Ends of the Reticulum
Surfaces – parietal, visceral
Curvatures - lesser, greater
Ends - neck, fundus
List the Surfaces, Curvatures, and Ends of the Omasum
Surfaces - right and left
Curvatures - dorsal, ventral
Ends - base and neck
what are the parts of the abomasum
Cranial blind fundus
Longer body
Caudal pyloric part
what are the surfaces and curvatures of the abomasum
Surfaces - parietal, visceral
Curvatures – lesser, greater
How does the abomasum differ in a Kid Goat vs. Adult goat
Kid= Abomasum = 70 % / Rumen = 30 %
Adult= Abomasum = 7 %/ Rumen = 80 %
Why is there a difference in size of abomasum in a kid goat compared to an adult
Abomasum is large in a kid because milk intake is higher compared to plant material
Need large rumen in adult because they eat plant material and must break it down
Neonatal Bovine stomach compartments
what % of each compartment make up the multi-chambered stomach
*rumen = 15 %
*reticulum = 5 %
*omasum = 10 %
*abomasum = 60 %
what chambers are being pointed to
- caudodorsal
- caudoventral
Multiple ingesta components within the
rumen compartment:
what are the different layers
*liquid component
*fibrous component
*”cud” component
REMEMBER: denser material sinks to the bottom!!! (gas–fiber mat– liquid–grain)
what gas is “belched” out by a ruminant
methane
List the route of ingesta from oral cavity to intestines
(said it will be an exam question)
know list from top to bottom
what is the purpose of ruminating
Cud is regurgitated and chewed again while the ruminant is lying down
will do this process until the material is at a safe/proper texture
Where do we place a GI magnet for preventative care against “hardware disease”
the reticulum
T/F heavy products like milk sinks to the reticulum
true
this helps to keep the food in the rumen mixed with water and saliva
When that is done the mixture can move on to the other parts of the system
Reticulum
Is hardware disease a large problem in goats/sheep like it is in cattle
No
What happens in hardware disease
when metal is swallowed, goes to the reticulum; punctures the reticulum or other structures
what part of the stomach is this describing:
3rd compartment of stomach:
*analogy: “leaves of a book
Omasum
Omasum
Omasum
what is the major action that occurs in the omasum
Absorption; all of the folds get filled with digesta
The omasum is made up of lots of folds of tissue, almost like a leaf.
This creates a large surface area to absorb __________
water
The omasum acts like a ___________ system and fine particles & small amounts of fluid into the abomasum.
filtration system
what is the major vein going to the liver?
Hepatic portal v.
(be sure to distinguish from caudal vena cava which bypasses)
practical Q
Digestive juices cause chemical changes to
break down the proteins, carbohydrates, and
fats into simpler substances.
what compartment is this occurring in
Abomasum
In the abomasum, digestive juices cause chemical changes to break down the proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into simpler substances
what does this allow to happen
simpler substances can now pass into
the small intestine for further digestion and
absorption into the blood stream
Abomasum also called the “true stomach”
-Secretes ____________
-acts like a __________
A. Secretes digestive enzymes
B. Acts like a non-ruminant stomach
Functions as digestive unit in calves until several months old when rumination begins
Abomasum
reticulum
T/F Abomasum (4th chamber) has similar anatomy to the monogastric stomach chamber of other mammals
true
What is the purpose of the rugi folds in the abomasum
expands to allow abomasum/stomach to fill with blood
what view is this from
caudal view
- superficial wall
- deep wall
what is a “RDA or LDA”
Right or Left Displaced abomasum
Are RDA/LDA a common GI syndrome in cattle
Yes!
Identify A-D
T/F the abomasum is very mobile
true
what is this showing
LDA
what is the “orad” to the transverse colon
ascending colon
(spiral colon)
what provides increased surface area of the mucosal layer via millions of villi
Small intestinal tract
centripedal loops direction
spin IN TO spiral colon
centrifugal loop direction
spin OUT OF spiral colon
what is similar to the pelvic flexure in horse
the central flexure in a goat
identify the 2 main LN we need to know
superficial cervical
Superficial inguinal (supramammary)
Mesenteric nodes; in mesentery highly vascular area so it needs to be drained of lymph fluid
What species of Bovidae is illustrated on this
slide?
Chamois: Rupicapra rupicapra
