Lecture 44/45: Porcine anatomy (sparks pt.3)

Question 1

Single longitudinal twist of the shaft increases
to ___turns

Answer 1

six turns; Direction of twist is same as that of spiral apex

Question 2

▪ Slopes so that it faces obliquely
upward
▪ Sometimes so upturned that it is
inaccessible to the boar

what is this describing

Answer 2

Vulva

Question 3

Gilts with an _______vulva are common and undesirable as breeding stock

Answer 3

infantile vulva

Question 4

which vulvas would we not want to breed

Answer 4

1,2,3

Question 5

what 3 things do we do to confirm a pregnancy

Answer 5

Ultrasound, auscultation, rectal palpation

Question 6

After 24 days of breeding, _________in
the uterine a. can be used to confirm pregnancy

Answer 6

vibration (fremitus)

▪ rectal palpation or auscultation

Question 7

list the uterine blood supply

Answer 7

Internal iliac a. → umbilical a. → uterine a.

Question 8

Collateral circulation to uterus supplied by uterine branch of _______a.

Answer 8

ovarian artery

Question 9

what is the gestation of a pig

Answer 9

Gestation: 114 days (“3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days”)

Question 10

identify 2,5,6

Answer 10

2, ovarian artery (a.) with cranial uterine branch

5, umbilical a.

6, left uterine a. crossing medial surface of external iliac a

Question 11

______ pair of mammae

Answer 11

7 pair

Question 12

Each mamma is affiliated with ____ lactiferous gland systems (like the horse)

Answer 12

two; Therefore, each teat has two openings

Question 13

Sows are often placed in farrowing
pins to protect suckling piglets

typically there are how many piglets per litter

Answer 13

8-12 piglets per litter

Question 14

what is A

Answer 14

Distribution of mammary glands in certain
mammals: SOW

Question 15

circulatory system relevant features

Answer 15

 Lymphatics
 Fetal circulation
 Blood vessels and venipuncture

Question 16

identify the lymphatic centers

Answer 16

1. Parotid
2. Mandibular
3. Dorsal cervical
4. Ventral cervical
5. Subiliac
6. Inguinal
7. Popliteal

Question 17

Lymph enters each unit through the (afferent/efferent) lymphatics and exits through the (afferent/efferent)
lymphatic vessels

Answer 17

afferent
efferent

Question 18

Lymph nodes in pigs are lobulated because they are derived from the fusion of ________

Answer 18

multiple “nodular units”

Question 19

Nodes commonly examined during meat
inspection

Head:
Thorax:
Abdomen:

Answer 19

▪ Head: Mandibular

▪ Thorax: Tracheobronchial, bronchial (in the lungs), dorsal and ventral thoracic lymph centers

▪ Abdomen: Mesenteric (colic and jejunal)

Question 20

Nodes commonly examined during meat
inspection

Pelvis:
Other:

Answer 20

Pelvis: Medial iliac

Other: Superficial inguinal

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Variable number of small aortic nodes that receive lymph from the dorsal part of the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and mediastinal nodes

Answer 22

Dorsal thoracic lymph center

Question 23

Sternal nodes concerned with the ventral part of the thoracic walls and the first two or three pairs of mammary glands

Answer 23

Ventral thoracic lymph center

Question 24

identify 2 and 6

Answer 24

2, medial iliac nodes
6, superficial inguinal nodes

Question 25

identify #10

Answer 25

medial iliac nodes

Question 26

Fetal circulation: ________ assumes role of fetal liver and lungs

Answer 26

Placenta

Question 27

Fetal circuits allow blood to by-pass liver and lungs

Answer 27

▪ Ductus venosus (liver) ▪ Foramen ovale (heart, interatrial septum) ▪ Ductus arteriosus (shunt between pulmonary trunk and aorta)

Question 28

Identify the structure in the fetal circulatory system being described: ▪ Oxygenated (and nutrient-rich) blood from placenta ▪ Enters liver between quadrate and left medial lobes

Answer 28

Umbilical vein

Question 29

Identify the structure in the fetal circulatory system being described: ▪ Shunts blood from liver to caudal vena cava, which then goes to right atrium of fetal heart ▪ Allows oxygenated blood to by-pass the liver ▪ Closes after birth and becomes fibrous (ligamentum venosum)

Answer 29

Ductus venosus

Question 30

Identify the structure in the fetal circulatory system being described: ▪ Opening in interatrial septum ▪ Shunts blood from right atrium to left atrium ▪ Allows blood to by-pass the lungs ▪ Closes after birth and becomes the fossa ovalis

Answer 30

Foramen ovale

Question 31

Identify the structure in the fetal circulatory system being described: ▪ Shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to aorta ▪ Allows blood to by-pass the lungs ▪ Closes after birth and becomes fibrous (ligamentum arteriosum)

Answer 31

Ductus arteriosus

Question 32

Identify the structure in the fetal circulatory system being described: ▪ Deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta

Answer 32

Umbilical arteries

Question 33

Knowledge of great vessel branching pattern is important for ________-

Answer 33

xenotransplantation

Question 34

Aortic branching pattern is very similar to dog. However, what is the exception

Answer 34

Right coronary artery supplies subsinuosal interventricular branch

Question 35

discuss the azygos v. in a pig

Answer 35

Left azygous vein drains directly into the coronary sinus; no right azygous v. in pigs

Question 36

which one is the pig

Answer 36

2

Question 37

___________ used for large blood samples in pigs

Answer 37

Cranial vena cava

Question 38

how do we know where to stick the pig for a vena cava puncture blood draw

Answer 38

▪ Target near thoracic inlet ▪ Use manubrium as palpable landmark ▪ Insert into right thoracic inlet, lateral to manubrium

Question 39

why do we insert our needle for a vena cava stick on the right and not left?

Answer 39

Left plural cupula extends beyond thoracic inlet

Question 40

other than the cranial vena cava, what is another vein we might use to get blood in a pig

Answer 40

lateral auricular v., "ear vein”, is sometimes used for intravenous injection or for withdrawal of small quantities of blood in adult pigs

Question 41

Answer 41

lateral auricular v., "ear vein”

Question 42

What is the biggest drawback in xenotransplantation

Answer 42

human rejection; pigs will be genetically modified