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CVM: 720 Anatomy II > lecture 10: Equine trunk myology > Flashcards

lecture 10: Equine trunk myology Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do horses have

A

18 +- 1

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2
Q
A

1.Disc between C7 & T1
2. First ribs
3.First costal cartilages
4. Manubrium of the sternum

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3
Q
A
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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Ribs 1-8 are called and why

A

Sternal; connect directly to sternum

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6
Q

Ribs 9-18 are called and why

A

Asternals; join with cartilage not directly to sternum

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7
Q

T/F horses have floating ribs

A

false

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8
Q

identify which rib number is being pointed to

A
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9
Q

identify the parts of the ribs

A
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10
Q
A
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11
Q
A

costal arch

**can palpate

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

what shape is the horse sternum

A

keel shape (kinda V shaped)

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14
Q

identify the parts of the sternum

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process and cartilage
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15
Q

what part of the sternum is being pointed to

A

manubrium

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16
Q

why do horses lay like this when they lay down

A

because of their keel shaped sternum

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

what “condition” may horses have if there is too much angulation in their vertebrae

A

Kissing spinous processes

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19
Q

Why is Kissing spinous processes bad

A

-creates inflammation and pain
-may need treatment

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20
Q

what foramen is in a horse vertebrae that IS NOT in a dog

A

lateral vertebral foramen

**spinous process is also obviously a lot longer

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21
Q

are the first ribs very mobile

A

No, shorter/stronger/ less mobile

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22
Q

What important structure does the first costal cartilages help create

A

thoracic inlet

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23
Q

Is the manubrium of the sternum in a horse considered a landmark

A

yes; can palpate

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24
Q

What does the Articular surface of the head of the rib join with compared to the articular surface of the tubercle of the rib join with?

A

Articular surface of the head: joint with bodies of vertebrae

articular surface of the tubercle: join with transverse process

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25
Q

importance of the intercapital ligament

A

Helps keep ribs together

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26
Q

The costal arch helps create a longer ____ compared to one of a dog

A

diaphragm

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27
Q

How does the sternum of a horse compare to a dog

A

dog= tubular shape
horse= keel shape

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28
Q

What does the nuchal ligament continue into

A

Supraspinous ligament

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29
Q

what additional ligament do horses have that aids in carrying/distributing the weight of their abdomen

connects to top of the spinous processes near scapula

A

Dorsoscapular lig.

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

what is located under the Supraspinous lig. that helps prevent friction

A

Supraspinous bursa (first 3 ribs)

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32
Q

what is Fistulous withers

A

Bursitis and infection of supraspinous bursa

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33
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae are in the horse

A

Usually 6 lumbar vertebrae present

Although 5 have been reported in the domestic horse, donkey, Arabian horse, Przewalski horse, ass, and mule

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34
Q

Transverse processes:
Length (increase/decrease) to the third or fourth then (increase/decrease) to the last

A

increases, decreases

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35
Q

Lumbar vertebrae in the horse :
First two curve (caudally/ cranially) , last two curve (caudally/cranially)

A

caudally, cranially

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36
Q

L5 articulates with L6; L6 articulates with the ______

A

sacrum

37
Q

what is another name for the process that is stared

A

transverse process

38
Q

do horses have accessory processes like dogs on their lumbar vertebrae

A

NO

39
Q
A
40
Q

identify the ligaments

A

**dorsal longitudinal runs dorsal to the spine, ventral longitudinal runs ventral!!

41
Q

what is being pointed to

A

transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae

42
Q

how does the position of transverse processes vary from dog to horse

A

dog= cranio-ventral

horse= horizontal

43
Q

In the horse, the transverse process of L5 and L6 articulate to form a _____.

The transverse process of L6 articulates with the ____ of the sacrum

A

joint

wing of sacrum

44
Q

when L5 forms a joint with L6 and L6 forms a joint with the sacrum

-what kind of joint is formed?
-what does this provide the horse?

A

plane-synovial joint

provides extra stability to the lumbosacral region

45
Q

what is important to note about the spinous process of the sacrum in a horse

A

they are partially fused

46
Q

action of Rectus thoracis m.

A

draw cartilages and ribs cranially and
laterally to assist in inspiration

47
Q

location of Rectus thoracis m.

A

Lateral surface of the first rib to the cartilage of the 4th rib

48
Q
A
49
Q

Serratus dorsalis cranialis m

location and action

A

❑ Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of ribs

❑ Action: draw the ribs cranially and laterally
assisting in inspiration

50
Q

Serratus dorsalis caudalis m

location and action

A

Thoracolumbar fascia to lateral surfaces of the last 7 or 8 ribs in the horse

Action: draw the ribs caudally assisting with
expiration

51
Q

list the types of intercostal muscles and where they are located

A

External intercostal mm.
Internal intercostal mm.

Intercostal muscles – run from rib to rib and function to unite the ribs together (i.e., “if you’re moving, I’m moving too”)

52
Q

How are the fibers of the external and internal intercostal mm. oriented

A

External intercostal mm. – fibers oriented caudoventrally

Internal intercostal mm. – fibers oriented cranioventrally

53
Q

what is the MAIN action of the external intercostal mm. versus the internal intercostal

A

external= inspire

internal= expire

54
Q

Deep fascial sheet of elastic tissue

Assists the abdominal muscles in supporting the weight of the abdominal viscera

A

Tunica flava abdominis = abdominal tunic

55
Q

Tunica flava abdominis ventrally it covers and adheres to the ____________ of the external
abdominal oblique m

A

aponeurosis

56
Q

Tunica flava abdominis laterally, covers the what 3 muscles

A

external abdominal oblique
external intercostal
serratus ventralis thoracis mm

57
Q

what is this showing

hint: Deep fascial sheet of elastic
tissue

A

Tunica flava abdominis = abdominal
tunic

58
Q

what happens when the Tunica flava abdominis gets cut

why is it important

A

tends to curl due to it being ELASTIC

its extra support to hold abdominal weight

59
Q

what muscle is this

O: Lateral surfaces of 4th-18th ribs and the fascia over the external intercostal mm.;
thoracolumbar fascia

A

◼ External abdominal oblique m.

59
Q

where does the External abdominal oblique m. insert

A

Linea alba and prepubic tendon, coxal tuber and body of the ilium

60
Q

action of External abdominal oblique m., Internal abdominal oblique m., Transversus abdominis m.

A

Compress the abdominal viscera, as in
defecation, urination, parturition and expiration; flex the trunk

60
Q

External abdominal oblique m. fibers are directed

A

ventrocaudally

61
Q
A
62
Q

what muscle originates at the coxal tuber and adjacent part of the inguinal ligament

A

◼ Internal abdominal oblique m.

63
Q

insertion of the Internal abdominal oblique m.

A

Cartilages of the last 4-5 ribs; linea alba and
prepubic tendon

64
Q

what innervates the Internal abdominal oblique m., External abdominal oblique m., Transversus abdominis m., and Rectus abdominis m.

A

Ventral brs. of thoracic and lumbar spinal
nn.

65
Q

what direction do the fibers of the Internal abdominal oblique m. run

A

Fibers course ventrally,cranially and medially

66
Q
A
67
Q

what is the cranial border of the internal abdominal oblique m.

A

cord of the flank

68
Q

what muscle has this origin:

Medial surface of the ventral ends or cartilages of the asternal ribs and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae via thoracolumbar fascia

A

◼ Transversus abdominis m.

69
Q

where does the Transversus abdominis m. insert

A

Xiphoid cartilage and linea alba

70
Q

what types of fibers form the Transversus abdominis m.

A

Dorsal part is muscular,
ventral part is aponeurotic

71
Q
A
72
Q
A
73
Q
A
74
Q

what are the borders of the Paralumbar fossa

A

Can palpate all 3

75
Q
A
76
Q

Similar to that of external and internal
abdominal oblique mm. (abdominal
compression); flex the lumbosacral joints and
the lumbar and thoracic parts of the spine

what muscle is this

A

◼ Rectus abdominis m.

77
Q

what muscle is this

originates at cartilages of the 4th or 5th to 9th ribs and the
adjacent surface of the sternum

A

◼ Rectus abdominis m.

78
Q

insertion of the Rectus abdominis m.

A

Pubis via the prepubic tendon

79
Q
A
80
Q

do dogs have accessory ligaments like horses

A

NO

81
Q

purpose of accessory ligament

A

strong connective tissue, LIMITS (doesn’t 100% stop) ABduction of coxal joint in horses

82
Q

Median fibrous raphe extending from the xiphoid cartilage to the prepubic tendon

A

◼ Linea alba

83
Q

Linea alba is formed by the junction of ________ of external abdominal, internal abdominal and____________mm.

A

aponeuroses, transversus abdominis

84
Q
A
  1. umbilical region
  2. xiphoid process and cartilage
85
Q

what is the way to the abdomen (what do we cut)

A

LINEA ALBA

86
Q
A
  1. transverse abdominis
  2. rectus abdominis
  3. linea alba

CVM: 720 Anatomy II (17 decks)

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