Lecture 1: Osteology and Arthrology of Thoracic limb Flashcards
identify the common names and what anatomical structures are involved
1.shoulder (scapula)
2. knee (carpus)
3. cannon bone and splint bones ( one of the bones that makes up the metacarpal bone)
identify the common names and what anatomical structures are involved
- forearm
- fetlock (metacarpophalangeal joint)
- pastern (prox. phalanx)
(knee down makes up the manus of the horse)
what is a key difference between a horse scapula and dog
horses dont have an acromion
what is a key landmark of the horse scapula you can palpate
scapular tuber
what is important about the scapular cartilage
key difference from a dog
very big, most dorsal part of the scapula
what is significant about the Facies Serrata in a horse vs. a dog
horse= 2
dog= 1
what type of bone is the scapula
flat bone
how many intertubercular grooves are on a horse humerus
2; due to the intermediate tubercle
what kind of bone is the equine humerus
long bone (2 epiphysis and 1 diaphysis)
kinda sigmoid shape
what is a key significance that is different in a equine humerus compared to a canine
there is no radial foramen, it is a fossa
the deltoid tuberosity is also a lot larger
intermediate tubercle
what is signifiant about the equine ulna and radius
they are fused together
what is the only bone to reach the carpus (radius, ulna, or both)
radius
what is the name of the space located between the radius and ulna
Interosseous Space
what is the number of the only digit present in horses
digit III
the carpal bones consist of ___ rows of bones
2; proximal and distal
where are carpal bones 1 and 5
1= medial 5= lateral
1 and 5 are not important but you may see on xray
identify the parts of the carpus
identify the carpal bones from the palmar view
what carpal bones make up the proximal row? distal row?
proximal
Acc.: Accessory Carpal Bone
R: Radial Carpal Bone
Int. Intermediate Carp
U: Ulnar Carpal Bone
distal
II: Second Carpal Bone
III: Third Carpal Bone
IV: Carpal Bone IV
what are the parts of a metacarpal bone
base
body
head (most distal)
serve as landmarks
what make up the splint bones
Metacarpal Bones
- II: Metacarpal Bone II
- III: Metacarpal Bone III
- IV: Metacarpal Bone IV
can palpate
Thoracic Digit
- Note how the Distal Phalanx has a broad, _____ apex
- Digit ___is the singular, weight-bearing digit
round; 3
what kind of shape is the extensor process
triangle; there is a tendon there
why is the Proximal Phalangeal Trigone important
there are a lot of ligaments there!!
what is another name for the distal sesamoid bone of the thoracic digit of a horse
navicular bone
between the lateral and medial solar foramen there is a _______
canal
what is the name of the joint that makes up the shoulder
Humeral joint
what kind of joint is the humeral joint
Simple, spheroid– ACTS LIKE HINGE
What are the key movements the humeral joint does
Flexion and extension movement (technically should be able to do all ranges of movement)
what ligaments are in the humeral joint?
Glenohumeral ligaments (capsular)
**acts like collateral ligament
what important tendon and bursa is involved in the humeral joint
Thick biceps brachii origin tendon and bursa.
(important because we can ultrasound)
biceps brachii origin tendon and bursa
what does the yellow represent
fibrous capsule
what does the blue represent
inter and mediocarpea joint synovial capsule (45 degree of movement)
what does red represent
radiocarpal joint synovial capsule (90 degree of movement)
identify what is circled
intercarpal joint (plane)
Carpal joints: Antebrachiocarpia (radiocarpal)
what kind of joint is it?
hinge
carpal joint: Intercarpeae (intercarpal)
what kind of joint is it?
plane
carpal joint: Mediocarpea (midcarpal)
what kind of joint is it?
hinge
carpal joint: Carpometacarpeae (Carpometacarpal)
what kind of joint is it?
plane
Radiocarpal joint just radius/___________
proximal carpal row
- The sinovial capsule of the radiocarpal joint is ___________; the inter and mediocarpea is shared.
independent
T/F the carpal joint includes lateral colateral and medial colateral ligaments
true
what are the 2 injection points indicated by the grey circles
from top to bottom
** need to ask bc labeled differently on a couple lectures***
radiocarpal joint
middle carpal joint
- radius
- middle carpal (?)
- either digit 1 or 5
label top to bottom
proximal row of carpal bones
distal row of carpal bones
Digit joints: Metacarpophalangeal joint
common name:
type of joint:
common name: fetlock
type of joint: hinge’ great range of movement
Digit joints: Proximal Interphalangeal joint:
type of joint:
type of joint: saddle
Digit joints: Distal Interphalangeal joint
common name:
type of joint:
common name: coffin
type of joint: saddle
T/F digit joint: Colateral ligaments in everyone.
true
Digit joints has ____ and ____ recesses
dorsal and palmar
what is tha name of the compound hinge joint that has a small dorsal recess and large palmar recess
Metacarpophalangeal joint [fetlock]
Palmar recess boundaries
Proximal: heads of MC 2 and 4
Dorsal: Metacarpal bone III
Palmar: Interosseous ligament
Distal: Proximal sesamoid bones
(from dr.p notes)
palmar recess
fetlock
- metacarpal 3
- proximal sesamoid
- fracture of the proximal sesamoid
identify the joints
