exam 2: head and neck respiratory pathway Flashcards
The nose possesses a ______ skeleton
cartilaginous
T/F Horses doesn’t have a plane
true
a blind sac with great capacity for expansión between alar cartilage and nasoincicive notch.
Horses have a nasal diverticulum
Nasal vestibule
rostral and caudal boundaries of the nasal cavity
nostrils and the choanae
Dorsal boundary of the nasal cavity =_______
Ventral boundary of the nasal cavity= _______
Dorsal boundary is the nasal bone;
Ventral boundary is the hard palate
Nasal Cavity is medially divided by the
nasal septum (bone caudally and cartilage
rostrally)
what is the pigmented surface between skin and mucosa of the nasal cavity
nasal vestibule
In the nasal cavity, _________flows into the
vestibule near the mucocutaneous junction
nasolacrimal duct
what structures help keep the humidity of the nose
Nasal glands and lacrimal glands
Opening of nasolacrimal duct
They correspond to papyraceous
bones that continue from the ethmoid bone (ethmoid labyrinth)
Nasal Conchae
List the Nasal Conchae
- Ethmoidal conchae (endo & ectoturbinates)
- Dorsal nasal concha (1) (endoturbinate I)
- Ventral nasal concha (2) (facial bone), end rostrally in an alar fold.
- Middle nasal concha (endoturbinate II).
what are nasal meatuses
spaces between conchae
There are dorsal, middle, ventral and common
- vomernasal organ
- ventral nasal concha
- dorsal nasal concha
- septum
- dorsal nasal meatus
- middle meatus
- ventral meatus
Name the response and muscle involved
Flehmen response; levator of superior lip m.
Pharynx rostrally, is divided by the ______
soft palate
Food pathway, ventral to the soft palate
Oral part (Oropharynx)
Air pathway, dorsal to the soft palate
Nasal part (Nasopharynx)
Cavity dorsal to the larynx, just before esophagus
Laryngeal part (Laryngopharynx)
List the order of structures from nasal cavity to trachea
nasal cavity
nasopharynx
intrapharyngeal ostium
larynx
tracha
List the order from oral cavity to esophagus
oral cavity
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
esophagus
Nasopharynx rostral and caudal boundary
rostral boundary are the choanae and caudally the palatopharyngeal arch
During respiration cycle the epiglottis rests dorsally to the _________
soft palate
There is a pharyngeal opening of _________ in the lateral wall
auditory tube
Mainly in Equidae
It is a caudoventral dilatation of the auditory tube
AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM
(Guttural pouch)
capacity of AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM
(Guttural pouch)
300 cc
AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM
(Guttural pouch) is known for what mechanism
cooling the cerebral blood supply during strenuous exercise
AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM
(Guttural pouch)
Name the boundaries of the AUDITORY TUBE DIVERTICULUM (Guttural pouch)
Dorsal, ventral, lateral, medially
what is
-S
- ECA
-ICA
- Stylohyoid bone (S)
- External carotid artery
(ECA) - Internal carotid artery
(ICA)
________ is formed by cartilages, ligaments and muscles surrounded by mucosa
Larynx
what is the Larynx located between
Between nasopharynx and trachea
the larynx is ventral to the ________ and _______ vertebrae
ventral to the atlas and axis vertebrae
Function of larynx
Air pathway mainly, phonation and blockage of foreign bodies to the lower air
pathways
Larynx
label 6,7,8,9
T/F Arytenoid are paired cartilages
true
Epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid are _______cartilages
Impair cartilages
Larynx joined with the base of the skull via ________
a hyoid apparatus
Larynx is the _____ horn of the thyroid cartilage.
Serves as an insertion point of the ________ muscles
cranial, tongue
the epiglottis is the _______ apex of the larynx
Pointed apex–Cuneiform processes
what shape is the thyroid
Oval shape in equine
Arytenoid is the _______ process. What is not present?
Corniculate process (well developed).
No cuneiform process!!!!!!!
Cricoid make up the ____________
Lamina and arch
what is the Adittus
opening of the larynx
Vocal folds are composed of what 2 things
Vocal mm + Vocal lig
Phonatory apparatus. Vocal folds and
vocal processes of the arytenoid.
GLOTTIS
List the intrinsic muscles of the Larynx
- Dorsal cricoarytenoid
- Lateral cricoarytenoid
- Thyroarytenoid
*M. vocalis and ventricular - Cricothyroid
- Transverse arytenoid
Extrinsic muscles of the larynx
*Sternothyroid
*Thyrohyoid
*Hyoepiglottic
*Thyropharyngeal
what is the the only muscle of the larynx that abducts the vocal folds
Dorsal cricoarytenoid m.
Dorsal cricoarytenoid m. is innervated by what nerve
recurrent laryngeal n.
what is a Dynamic Laryngeal Endoscopy
a procedure that examines the voice box and throat while a patient is performing various activities
what is wrong with this horse
horse has complete collapse of the left arytenoid cartilage
vocal fold collapse during breathing in
what is wrong with this horse
asymmetry of the arytenoid cartilage; right is way more open that the left
**left is commonly paralyzed
Cervical trachea is located ________ to the cricoid cartilage
caudal
Cervical trachea is ventral to the __________, mid cervical region esophagus to left lateral
esophagus
what is formed by incomplete tracheal cartilages dorsally
Cervical trachea
In the Cervical trachea, the tracheal cartilages are joined together by _________
Annular ligaments
what completes the ring in the cervical trachea
Tracheal smooth muscle completes the rings, inserted inside
how can we access the guttural pouch from the outside
viborg triangle
what makes the viborg triangle borders
Maxillary vein
linguofacial vein
Mandible
List the internal structure in the guttural pouch
- Stylohyoid bone (S)
- External carotid artery (ECA)
- Internal carotid artery (ICA)
- Cranial nerves VII, IX, X, XI and XII
- Rostral continuation of sympathetic trunk
- Middle retropharyngeal lymphnode
what bacteria tends to attack the guttural pouch
“STRANGLES”
Streptococcus equi
