Lecture 9: head and neck myology Flashcards
What are facial muscles important for
Mimic musculature/ facial expressions
List the muscles of the nose
➢ Apical dilatator of nostri.
➢ Lateral muscle of the nose.
➢ Medial dilatator of the nostri
why are the muscles of the nose very important
b/c horses are obligate nose breathers
List the extraorbital muscles
➢ Orbicular muscle of the eye.
➢ Levator of the medial angle of the eye.
➢ Malar (larger in ruminants)
List the external muscles of the ear (that we need to know)
➢ Parotidoauricularis
➢ Scutularis
➢ Caudal, dorsal, rostral and Deep.
be able to identify 1,3,4,5,6,9
Why is the buccinator muscle important for horses
horses “suck” water and this muscle creates a negative pressure
what muscle lets the horse flip its front lip up
- Levator of the superior lip (palpate)
can you palpate the depressor of the lower lip
yes
label the superficial muscles
what muscle does this action
Levator of the superior
lip with conjoined tendon
what muscle does this action
Dilatator muscles of the nostril
list the Masticatory muscles of a horse
list the masticatory muscles that close the mouth
temporal
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
list the masticatory muscles that open the mouth
digastricus ONLY
identify the parts of the mastication muscle
- deep part of masseter m
- superficial part of masseter m
identify Muscles of Mastication
what is significant about digastricus in a horse compared to a dog
3 bellies; Rostral-Caudal-Occipitomandibularis
name the Pterygoideus muscles
Pterygoideus (Medial – Lateral)
what is this showing
right side excursion and left side excursion
what causes right side excursion and left side excursion
one side of pterygoid muscles contract (this is why condyles of mandible are elongated)
why is excursion important
grinds food
dont do #3
what are the types of Neck muscles
Dorsal: Superficial (Extrinsic), intermediate and deep layers (Epaxial)
what are the superficial/extrinsic muscles of the neck (5)
what are the intermediate neck muscles
splenius m. (main thing we need to know)
what are the deep/epaxial muscles of the neck (2)
location of the Sternocephalicus
(sternomandibularis)
can call it either names
sternum to mandible
what is the omohyoid
-deep fascia of shoulder
-runs to basehyoid bone (medially)
what are the 2 parts of the Rhomboid muscle
cervcial and thoracic
Identify the muscles of the Deep layer
purpose of the Intertransversarius m.
fix spinal column( very short muscles)
what are the parts of the nuchal ligament
- funicular
- lamellar
where is the funicular part of the nuchal ligament located
occipital bone- T1
where is the lamellar part of the nuchal ligament located
fibers to attach to spinous processes of the cervical vertebra
down from funicular part
what is this showing?
what are its borders?
injection triangle
jugular groove, nuchal ligament, cranial boarder of scapula
what muscle is the star on?
what is the anatomical location that the jugular vein is in?
sternocephalicus m.
jugular groove
what gland is circled
thyroid gland
what is the shape and location of the thyroid gland in a horse
- Round to oval in shape.
- Between 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings.
- Joined ventrally by a narrow isthmus of
connective tissue.
Parathyroid: unilateral or bilateral
bilateral
location of parathyroid gland
- Embedded within the thyroid gland
Can you palpate the thyroid gland in a horse
possibly
label the trachea/larynx of the horse
identify muscles 1-6
- malar m.
- masseter m (probably actually a little deeper–check)
- zygomatic m.
- canine m.
- levator of superior lip
- levator nasolabialis
Name the structure the yellow arrow is pointing to
conjoined tendon of the levator of the superior lip
be able to identify 10,11,15,17,18
