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CVM: 720 Anatomy II > exam 2: head and neck digestive pathway > Flashcards

exam 2: head and neck digestive pathway Flashcards

1
Q

Sensitive and mobile, used for selection and prehension of food.

A

Lips

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2
Q

Upper lip sensitivity is used when a twitch is applied, releases ___________

A

endorphins

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3
Q

Communicates with the oral cavity by the
diastema and the space caudal to the last molar.

A

Oral vestibule

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4
Q

Caudal boundary, joins caudal end of
the hard palate and the root of
the tongue

A

Palatoglossal arch

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5
Q

Dorsal boundary of the oral cavity

A

Hard palate

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6
Q

what bones make up the hard palate? what is it covered by?

A

Incisive, maxillary and palatine bones, covered with a thick mucosa with uneven palatine crests(3) and an enlarged palatine venous plexus.

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7
Q

what is important to know about the incisive papilla in a horse compared to a dog

A

present but is blind in equines- pheromones only enter through the nose

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8
Q

Ventral boundary of the oral cavity

A

Tongue

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9
Q

Tongue: Long and spatulate in its _______, with a narrow ______ with two ventral fleshy ___________ caruncle .

A

apex, frenulum, sublingual

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10
Q

____________papillae gives a velvet-like surface to the tongue

A

Filiform

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11
Q

T/F Fungiform papillae are scarce on the tongue

A

true

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12
Q

___________ big vallate papillae between the body and the root of the tongue

A

2

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13
Q

where are the Foliate papillae located on the tongue

A

lateral in the root

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14
Q
A

narrow frenulum (1)
sublingual caruncle (2)

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15
Q

dorsal boundary of the oropharynx, it is elongated and has lymphoid tissue on it

A

soft palate

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16
Q

rostral boundary of the oropharynx

A
  • Palatoglossal arch
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17
Q

what is located at the lateral walls of the oropharynx

A

large palatine tonsils (not covered like in dogs)

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18
Q

In the oropharynx, what is located between the root of the tongue and the base of the epiglottis

A

Glossoepiglottic fold

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19
Q

in the oropharynx, what structure is on each side of the fold, leads to the laryngopharynx (piriform recesses)

A

Epiglottic vallecula

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20
Q

purpose of the Epiglottic vallecula

A

prevents food from going into respiratory pathway

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21
Q
A
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22
Q

T/F the Laryngopharynx is located ventral to the larynx

A

false; dorsal

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23
Q

what doest the equine Laryngopharynx lack

A

Lacks Pharyngo-esophageal limen (fold)

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24
Q

what number on the diagram is the Laryngopharynx

A

6

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25
Q

Equine teeth needed to cut, crush, and grind

A

highly fibrous feed stuffs

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26
Q

why type of teeth do horses (herbivores) have

A

Hypsodont – “long tooth”

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27
Q

How are the teeth of horses different from dogs/carnivores

A

horse= hypsodont (long)
dog= brachydont (short teeth)

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28
Q

T/F Teeth continue to erupt throughout life in a horse

A

true

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29
Q

equine teeth will “wear” how many mm

A

about 2-3 mm per year

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30
Q
A
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31
Q

what is the clinical crown of the tooth

A

part of the tooth you see when you open the mouth

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32
Q

what is the reserved crown of the tooth

A

the part of the tooth in the bone

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33
Q

what is the root of the tooth

A

tip of tooth in the bone

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34
Q

what is the Anatomical crown

A

the whole tooth

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35
Q

__________ covers surface of teeth and
forms periodontal ligament cementing
tooth in alveolar bone

A
  • Cementum (stains easy)
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36
Q

what layer is under the Cementum layer of an equine tooth

A

Enamel

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37
Q

Incisors have a second involution of enamel
creating a “cup” called the __________

A

infundibulum

38
Q

What is the layer under the enamel on the horse tooth

A

Dentin

39
Q

what is significant about the dentin of the tooth

A

is a living, softer layer deep to the
enamel

40
Q

what continue to produce new (secondary) dentin throughout life

A

Odontoblasts

41
Q

Secondary dentin fills in exposed pulp
cavity as the tooth is worn down

what is this called

A

“dental star”

42
Q
A
43
Q

Types of Teeth for equine

A
  • Incisor
  • +/- Canines
  • Premolars
  • Molars
44
Q

Do both sexes have canine teeth

A
  • Found in both sexes but don’t tend to
    erupt in mares.
45
Q

what is the first premolar called

A

Wolf tooth

  • Small and nonocclusal
  • May or may not be
    present
46
Q

what is the common, overall term for premolars and molars

A

cheek teeth

47
Q

T/F wolf teeth are called cheek teeth

A

NO

48
Q

Deciduous dental formula

A
  • 2(dI3/3: dC0/0: dPM3/3) = 24
49
Q

Permanent dental formula

A
  • 2(I3/3 :C1/1 :PM4/3 :M3/3) = 36-42
50
Q

How do we name the incisors in equine

A

central (1), intermediate (2), corner (3)

51
Q

what is the first “cheek tooth”

A

2nd Premolar

52
Q

Tooth X04 is always the _________ tooth

A

canine (104, 204, 304, 404)

53
Q

Tooth X09 is always the _________

A

first molar (109, 209, 309, 409)

54
Q

what tooth is X06

A

(2nd premolar) is the first cheek tooth of the horse

55
Q

what does Anisognathus mean

A

teeth do not match perfectly (when they meet at point)

56
Q

Upper arcade: (wider/ narrow)
Lower arcade: (wider/ narrow)

A
  • Upper arcade: wider
  • Lower arcade: narrow
57
Q

Anisognathus (upper and lower arcades) result in

A

uneven wear of occlusal surface

58
Q

uneven wear of occlusal surface of equine teeth leads to formation of

A

“Points” on buccal side of upper cheek teeth and lingual side of lower cheek teeth

59
Q

Upper arcade tends to have teeth further ________ than lower arcade

A

rostral

60
Q

Upper arcade tends to have teeth
further rostral than lower arcade

what does this lead to

A

Results in uneven wear and “hooks” on first upper cheek tooth and last lower cheek tooth

61
Q

why do we float equine teeth

A

Regular “floating” can prevent hook and point
formation and improve the grinding surface

62
Q
A

hook

63
Q

what is the most accurate way to date horse teeth

A

Eruption Dates: most accurate

64
Q

When do central, intermediate, corner incisors first erupt

A

6 days, 6 weeks, 6 months

65
Q

when do central, intermediate, corner incisors turn into permanent teeth

A

2.5, 3.5, 4.5 yrs

66
Q

“In Wear” takes __________for teeth to erupt to occlusal surface and for enamel to begin to erode

A

6 months

67
Q

what does “Level” mean when aging teeth

A

all enamel is in wear

68
Q

how old

A

3 yrs

69
Q

how old

A

2 yrs

70
Q
  • Cups begin to disappear around ________ of age
A

6 years

71
Q

Eruption of canines and cheek teeth:
canines

A

5 years

72
Q

Eruption of canines and cheek teeth

premolar and molar

A

premolar: 2, 3, 4
molar: 1, 2, 3.5-4

73
Q

________ bumps or cysts are bony enlargements on the mandible or maxilla that occur during eruption of cheek teeth

A

Eruption

74
Q

identify 1, 2,3

A
75
Q

about how old is this horse:

tooth is wider than it is tall

A

5-9 yr

76
Q

about how old is this horse:

shape is square (width = height)

A

9-10 yr

77
Q

about how old is this horse:

tooth continues to get taller with age
(height > width)

A

> 10 yr

78
Q

The upper and lower incisors in young horses meet at what angle

A

upright angle (~180°)

79
Q

As the horse ages, the incisors meet at what angle

A

acute angle (<120°)

80
Q

Upper corner incisor hook appears when?

A

Appears at 7 years and again at 11 years

  • Not very reliable to use for aging
81
Q
A

Galvayne’s Groove

82
Q

when does the Galvayne’s Groove appear

A

10 years

83
Q

Galvayne’s Groove is halfway down at ______yrs

A

15

84
Q

Galvayne’s Groove is all the way down the tooth at _____

A

20

85
Q

Galvayne’s Groove is all the way gone at

A

30 years

86
Q

T/F The relationship of the teeth with the
sinuses change as the horse ages and
teeth are worn.

A

true

87
Q

The length of reserve crown decreases
with age after completing formation
around _______________old

A

5 years of age.

88
Q

what Pre molar and molar are in the rostral maxillary sinus

A

PM4/M1

89
Q

what molars are in the caudal maxillary sinus

A

M2 /M3

90
Q

how old is this horse

A

between 10-12 years

harder to know exactly the older they are

91
Q

how old is this horse

A

4 years old

CVM: 720 Anatomy II (17 decks)

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