Lecture 25: Anatomy and Physiology II(immune system) Flashcards
What is innate defense?
Non specific defense and is the first line of defense. This can be from surface barriers like skin, mucus, chemical barriers, internal barriers, antimicrobial proteins, fever, and inflammatory response
What are chemical barriers?
Acid: skin, stomach
Enzymes: saliva, mucus, tears
Mucin: mucus to trap microbes
Defensins: disrupt microbial membranes
What are internal barriers?
phagocytes: neutrophils, macrophages
natural killer cells
What are antimicrobial proteins?
It includes interferons which are interfere with viral replication and complement which punch holes in bacterial cell wall
How is a fever an innate response?
It inhibits pathogen growth and throws bacterial enzymes out of optimum temperature. It speeds up immune response and healing. Where optimum temp of immune cells slightly higher than normal body temp. Also, a draw back from fever can be seizures, brain damage, and death.
What is a inflammatory response?
It is when the cells are injured/stressed and release chemical alarm signals.Some chemicals are histamine(inflammation), protaglandins(pain) and cytokines(chemotaxis). Also, vasodilation, the increased vascular permeability works too.
What is leukocytosis?
Increased WBC count
What is chemotaxis?
WBC attracted by chemical alarm signals
What is pus?
Mix of WBC and pathogens
What is the adaptive defense: specific process?
- specific: targets a particular antigen
- systemic: full body protection
- remembers: faster and stronger response to previously encountered pathogens
- patrolling lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
How do vaccines work?
They kill or weaken pathogen to trigger adaptive immune response to provide long term protection
