Lecture 21: Anatomy and Physiology III (skeletal system) Flashcards
What is the hydrostatic skeleton?
The fluid in the muscular cavity
What is the exoskeleton?
The chiton with waxy coating
What is the endoskeleton?
The internal skeleton support structure
How many human bones are there?
206
What are the bones or structures in the face?
a. 2 zygomatic: cheekbones
b. 2 maxillae: upper jaws
c. 2 inferior nasal conchae: inside nose
d. 2 nasal: bridge of nose
e. 2 palatine: hard palate
f. 2 lacrimal: tear duct
g. 1 vomer: nasal septum
h. 1 mandible: lower jaw
What are the bones or structures in the cranium?
a. 1 frontal: forehead
b. 1 occipital: back and bottom
c. 2 temporal: lower side
d. 2 parietal: top and upper side
e. 1 ethmoid: between the nose and eyes
f. 1 sphenoid: in the middle, connect to all other cranial bones
What is the axial skeleton?
The skull, ribcage, spinal column(80)
What are the bones or structures in the ribcage?
a. 1 sternum(breast palate)
b. 7pairs of true ribs: atteched directly to sternum
c. 3 pairs of false ribs: attach indirectly to sternum
d. 2 pairs of floating ribs: does not attach to sternum
What are the bones or structures in the vertebral column?
a. 7 cervical: neck
b. 12 thoracic: chest
c. 5 lumbar: lower back
d. 1 sacrum: back of pelvis
e. 1 coccyx: tail bone
What is appendicular?
limbs and girdles
What are the bones or structures in the pectoral girdle?
a. 2 scapula: shoulder blade
b. 2 clavicle: collar bone
What are the bones or structures in the arm?
a. humerus: upper arm
b. radius: lateral
c. ulna: medial
What are the bones or structures in the hand?
a. carpals: wrist
- scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform
-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate
b. metacarpals: palm
c. phalanges: 3 per finger and 2 per thumb
What are the bones or structures in the 2 coxal?
a. 2 coxal
-ilium(top)
-ischium(bottom)
-pubis(front)
What are the bones or structures in the leg?
a. femur
b. tibia or shin
c. fibula(lateral)
d. patella (kneecap)
What are the bones or structures in the foot?
a. tarsals: ankle and heel
-talus: ankle
-calcaneus: heel
Arch
-navicular
-cuboid
-3 cuneiform(medial, lateral, intermediate)
-metatarsals(sole)
-phalanges(toes, 3 per toe and 2 per big toe
What is sarcolemma?
muscle cell membrane
What is sarcoplasm?
muscle cell cytoplasm
What is myofibrils?
Protein fibers in muscle cells. They also have myofilaments which are either actin(thin) or myosin(thick)
What are sarcomere?
Striations where I bands are light bands with thin actin filaments and are attacked to disc. A bands are dark bands and overlap of actin and myosin. The H zone is just the myosin filaments and are attached to M line
What are sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum
What are transverse tubules?
Membrane channel into muscle cell
