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Biology 007 > Lecture 17: Vertebrates I > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Vertebrates I Flashcards

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1
Q

What is phylum chordata?

A

It means “ has a spine”

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2
Q

What are some features of phylum chordata?

A
  1. triploblastic
  2. one way gut
  3. bilateral symmetry
  4. coelomic
  5. deuterostomes
  6. segmented
  7. Four special characteristics of a dorsal nerve cord, notochord which is the cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body, pharyngeal gill slits, and post anal tail
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3
Q

What are the subphylum of phylum chordata?

A
  1. tunicata
  2. cephalochordata
  3. vertebrata
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4
Q

What is subphylum tunicata in phylum chordata?

A

They are tunicates and are the sea squirts

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5
Q

What are some characteristics in subphylum tunicata?

A
  1. larvae have all 4 special characteristics such as dorsal nerve cord, notoschord, pharynx with slits, and post anal tail.
  2. The larvae are free swimming but non-feeding
  3. adults only have pharyngeal gill slits and become sessile filter feeder.
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6
Q

What is subphylum cephalochordata?

A

It means “head cord” and they are lancelets or amphioxus. They also have the special 4.

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7
Q

What is subphylum vertebrata?

A

Where the notochord is the backbone

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8
Q

What is class agnatha in subphylum vertebrata?

A

It means “no jaws” and they are lamprey and hagfish

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9
Q

What are the classes in subphylum vertebrata?

A
  1. agnatha
  2. chondrichthyes
  3. osteichthyes
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10
Q

What is class chondrichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

It means “cartilage fish”. they are the sharks, rays, and chimeras

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11
Q

What are features of class chondrichthyes?

A
  1. Their skeleton is made of cartilage
  2. have external gilll slits
  3. have heterocercal tail(top and bottom tail are different sizes)
  4. have two chamber heart
  5. are ectothermic(body temp is according to water)
  6. have placoid scales which are dermal denticles
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12
Q

What is class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

They mean “bony fish”

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13
Q

What are some features of class osteichthyes?

A
  1. their skeleton is made of bone
  2. have gills covered by operculum
  3. have homoceral tail(top and bottom tail are the same size)
  4. have two chamber heart
  5. are ectothermic
  6. have leptoid scales where they overlap to reduce drag
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14
Q

What is the order of class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata(ray finned only)?

A
  1. salmoniformes
  2. perciformes
  3. scorpaeniformes
  4. cypriniformes
  5. siluriformes
  6. anguiliformes
  7. pleuronectiformes
  8. syngnathiformes
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15
Q

What is order salmoniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

salmon, trout, and char

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16
Q

What is order perfiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

perch, tuna, bass, sheephead, sailfish, marlin

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17
Q

What is order scorpaeniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

scorpionfish, lionfish, rockfish, sculpin

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18
Q

What is order cypriniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

carp(goldfish) and minnow

19
Q

What is order siluriformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

catfish

20
Q

What is order anguilliformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

eels

21
Q

What is order pleuronectiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

flounder, halibut, sole

22
Q

What is order sygnathiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

pipefish and sea horse

23
Q

What is the order of class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata(lobe finned only)?

A
  1. coelacanthiformes
  2. lepidosireniformes
24
Q

What is order coelacanthiformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

coelacanths

25
Q

What is order lepidosireniformes in class osteichthyes in subphylum vertebrata?

A

lungfish

26
Q

What did the lobe finned fish evolve to?

A

amphobians

27
Q

What is class amphibia?

A

amphibians

28
Q

What are some features of class amphibia?

A
  1. live in the water and land
  2. egg lack amnion(protective outer coat)
  3. aquatic larval stage where they hatch in the water (ex: tadpoles)
  4. need to keep their skin moist
  5. can breathe through their skin
  6. three chamber heart
  7. ectothermic
29
Q

What are the orders of class ambhibia?

A
  1. gymnophiona
  2. urodela
  3. anura
30
Q

What is order gymnophiona in class amphibia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

limbless caecilians similar to snakes but not the same

31
Q

What is order urodela in class amphibia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

salamanders

32
Q

What is order anura in class amphibia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

frogs and toads. Also translate to “no tail”

33
Q

What is class reptilia?

A

reptiles

34
Q

What are some features of class reptilia?

A
  1. live mostly on land
  2. have amniotic eggs
  3. no larval stage(don’t hatch on water)
  4. breathe through lungs
  5. three chamber heart except for order crocodilia
  6. ectothermic
  7. keratinized scales to pretect them or hard scales
  8. scute which are bony external plates like turtle shells or crocodile skin
35
Q

What are the orders in class reptilia?

A
  1. testudines
  2. squamata
  3. rhynchocephalia
  4. crocodilia
  5. ornithischia
  6. saurischia
  7. pterosauria
  8. plesiosaurus
  9. ichthyosaurus
36
Q

What is order testudines in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

turtles of tortoise

37
Q

What is order squamata in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

lizards and snakes

38
Q

What is order rhynchocephalia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

tuatara. Only genus is spenodon

39
Q

What is order crocodilia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

crocodiles and alligators

40
Q

What is order ornithischia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

Dinosaurs(bird hipped) such as triceratops, stegosaurus, ankylosaurus, hadrosaurus

41
Q

What is order saurischia in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

Dinosaurs(lizard hipped) such as theropods(velociraptor and carnivores) and sauropods(brachiosaurus/apatosaurs and herbivores)

42
Q

What is order pterosauria in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

Winged lizards reptiles like pterodactylus or pteranodon

43
Q

What is order plesiosaurus in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

Near to lizard marine reptiles

44
Q

What is order ichthyosauria in class reptilia in subphylum vertebrata?

A

Fish lizard marine reptiles like ichthyosaurus

Biology 007 (40 decks)

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