Lecture 22: Anatomy and Physiology IV (digestive finish up)

Question 1

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 1

The digestive tract from mouth to anus

Question 2

What is the order in which food is processed?

Answer 2

1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach(to breakdown food)
4. small intestine(chemical digestion to break down food to nutrient molecules)
5. large intestine(stool formation)
6. rectum (holding area for stool)
7. anus

Question 3

What are some accessory organs?

Answer 3

1. salivary glands
2. liver
3. gall bladder
4. pancreas

Question 4

What are salivary glands?

Answer 4

The glands that secrete enzymes into the mouth

Question 5

What is the liver?

Answer 5

Produces bile salts

Question 6

What is the gall bladder?

Answer 6

Stores bile salts and releases them into the small intestines

Question 7

What are the pancreas?

Answer 7

Produced enzymes for digestion and releases into small intestines

Question 8

What is digestion?

Answer 8

The breakdown of food into nutrients

Question 9

What is the upper digestive tract?

Answer 9

1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach

Question 10

What is the first process of the digestive system?

Answer 10

1. takes place in mouth
2. mastication takes place using teeth to mechanically process food.
3. salivary glands release saliva and amylase enzyme breaks down carbohydrates
4. lubrication occurs
5. nolus or mass of food/saliva is rolled into a ball by the tongue
6. peristalsis occurs in a wave of motion by muscular contraction to push the food through GI tract
7. mucous cells secrete mucus to protect stomach wall
8. parietal cells secrete hydrochloric acid
9. chief cells secrete pepsin that breaks down food protein
10. chyme occurs of acidic soup of partially digested food

Question 11

Small intestine process in digestive system?

Answer 11

1. duodenum, jejunum, ileum
2. chyme combines with digestive secretions from accessory organs

Question 12

Small intestine process in digestive system, explain?

Answer 12

1. pancreas releases pancreatic juice
2. pH has to be greater than 7 to neutralize acid
3. enzymes digest food using lipase to breakdown lipids and amylase to breakdown carbs. also trypsin to break down protein
4. Liver secretes bile salts that are released from gall bladder. It emulsifies fats and break up large globules into smaller globulles
5. basically absorb nutrients

Question 13

Large intestine process in digestive system?

Answer 13

1.