Lecture 13: Invertebrates I Flashcards
What are some body plans?
Symmetry, Tissue, Body cavity, type of development, level of organization
What is asymmetry?
No organization
What is radial symmetry?
Any division through central axis yields mirror images
What is bilateral symmetry?
Only one division through middle yields mirror images
What is cephalization?
Head sensory organs concentrated at anterior end
What is ectoderm?
germ layer covering the surface of the embryo. It gives rise to nervous system, integumentary system.
What is the mesoderm?
The germ layer in the middle. It gives rise to muscular and skeletal systems and internal organs
What is endoderm?
The inner most germ layer. It gives rise to digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems.
What does it mean to have no tissue?
No organization
What does it mean to have diploblastic tissues?
2 layers of both ectoderm and endoderm
What does it mean to have triploblastic tissues?
3 layers which are ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
What is the coelom?
The hollow body cavity
What is coelomate?
Animals with a true body cavity. The coelom derived from mesoderm only and it also lines both body wall and digestive tract.
What is pseudocoelomate?
It is a false hollow. The coelom is derived from both mesoderm and endoderm. It also lines body wall but not digestive tract.
What is the acoelomate?
No body cavity
What is the zygote?
The fertilized egg
What is the morula?
The ball of cells
What is blastula?
The hollow ball of cells
What is the gastrula?
Gastrulation and is where the tissue folds inward to form gastrointestinal tract
The protostome a part of the gastrula, what is it?
The first opening which is the mouth where it formed first
The deuterostome a part of the gastrula, what is it?
The second opening which also is the mouth
What are the five types of level or organization?
Cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system
What does the “Kingdom Animalia” mean?
Has a soul
What is the common ancestor of animalia?
Phylum: choanoflagellata. Some where in colonies
What is metazoans?
Multicellular animals.
What is the phylum for metazoans?
Porifera which are sponges during the Ediacaran period. They formed first.
What are eumetazoans?
Animals with true tissues
What are some features of eumetazoans?
- Radial symmetry
- Bilateral symmetry
What are the phylum of eumetazoans that have radial symmetry?
- Cnidaria
- Cnetophora
What is the phylum cnidaria?
Jellyfish during the ediacaran period
What is the phylum cnetophora?
Comb jellies during the cambrian period
What are the phylum of eumetazoans that have bilateral symmetry and are protosomes?
- Platyhelminthes
- Nematoda
- Rotifera
- Mollusca
- Annelida
- Arthropoda
What is the phylum platyhelminthes?
flatworms
What is the phylum nematoda?
round worms
What is the phylum rotifera?
rotifers
What is the phylum mollusca
mollusks
What is the phylum annelida?
segmented worms
What is the phylum arthropoda?
arthropods
What are the phylum of eumetazoans that have bilateral symmetry and have deuterostomes?
- Ectoprocta
- Brachiopoda
- Echinodermata
- Chordata
What is the phylum ectoprocta?
Bryozoans
What is the phylum brachiopoda?
brachiopods
What is the phylum echinodermata?
echinoderms
What is the phylum chordata?
chordates
What is the phylum porifera?
sponges
What are some features for phylum porifera?
- no gut
- no symmetry
- cellular level of organization(no tissue)
- have 4 cell types
What are the 4 cell types of phylum porifera?
- Choanocytes
- Amoebocyres
- Porocytes
- Pinacocytes
What are choanocytes?
collar cells which filter feeding(choanoderm)
What are amoebocytes?
Cells that digest and transport food
What are porocytes?
Cells that guard dermal ostia
What are pinacocytes?
Cells that are sponge epidermis(pinacoderm)
What is the mesohyl?
The geletinous region between pinacoderm and choanoderms
What are the canal systems in Phylum porifera(asconoid type)?
Asconoid Type
1. dermal ostia: pores
2. spongocoel: central activity
3. osculum: opening at the top
What is the asconoid type?
simplest canal
What is the syconoid type?
The winding type of canal system
What are the canal systems in syconoid type?
- dermal ostia
- incurrent canal(outside)
- prosopyle(forward hole)
- radial canal(water flows)
- apopyle(away hole)
- spongocoel(middle part)
- osculum(opening)
What is the leuconoid type?
The most complex canal system
What are the canal systems in the leuconoid type?
- dermal ostia
- incurrent canal
- prosopyle
- choanocyte chamber
- apopyle
- excurrent canal
- spongocoel
- osculum(s)
What are the class for phylums porifera?
- Class: Calcarea
2.Class: Hexactinellida
3.Class: Demospongiae
What is class calcarea?
Calcareous sponges that have carbonate spicules
What is class hexactinellida?
Glass sponges that have silica spicules
What is class demospongiae?
Bath sponges that have spongin protein
