Lecture 19: Anatomy and Physiology I (tissues/organ systems) Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The study of body structure
What is a cell?
The basic unit of a living organism
What is tissue?
Integrated group of cells working together
What are 4 main tissue types?
- Muscle tissue
- Connective tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Epithelial tissue
What is muscle tissue?
Tissue used for movement
What is smooth muscle?
Muscle that is not striated and is involuntary(internal organs)
What is skeletal muscle?
Muscle that is striated and voluntary
What is cardiac muscle?
Muscle that is striated and is involuntary
What is connective tissue?
Connections where cells are imbedded in extracellular matrix
What are the 6 types of connective tissue?
- Loose connective
- Dense/fibrous
- adipose
- blood
- cartilage
- bones
What is loose connective tissue?
Where cells and fibers are embedded in semifluid matrix. An example is areolar tissue that is internal cushioning.
What is dense/fibrous connective tissue?
Tissue where collagen fibers are arranged in bundles. Some examples are tendons and ligaments
What is adipose?
Adipocytes(fat cells) that store tryglicerides
What is blood?
Blood cells in a liquid matrix
What is cartilage?
Chondrocytes in a collagen matrix
What are bones?
Osteocytes(bone cells) that are found in a collagen matrix with calcium added.
What are example of muscle tissue?
- smooth muscle
- skeletal muscle
- cardiac muscle
What is nervous tissue?
Tissue that relays information through neurons
What is a neuron?
A cell that transmits signals
What are glial cells?
Cells that support the neurons
What is epithelial tissue?
Tissue that covers surfaces like skin or organs
What is the naming of epithelial tissue?
number of layers and shape
What does it mean for epithelial tissue to be simple?
It means to have a single layer of cells
What does it mean for epithelial tissue to be stratified?
It means to have multiple layers
What does it mean for epithelial tissue to be pseudostratified?
To have a single layer of cells but looks like multiple
What does it mean for epithelial tissue to be squamous?
It means that it is flat
What does it mean for epithelial tissue to be cuboidal?
It means for it to be cubed
What does it mean for epithelial tissue to be columnar?
It means for it to be column shaped
What is an organ?
A part of the body that performs a specific function
What are organ systems?
A set of cooperating organs
What are the 14 organ systems?
- integumentary system
- muscular system
- skeletal system
- cardiovascular system
- endocrine system
- nervous system
- lymphatic system
- respiratory system
- digestive system
- urinary system
- reproductive system
- circulatory system
- excretory system
- musculoskeletal system
What is the integumentary system?
The system of the outer protective layer like the skin
What is the muscular system?
The system for movement and muscles
What is the skeletal system?
The system for internal structure like bones and cartilage
What is the cardiovascular system?
The systems that pumps blood through the body, heart, and blood vessels
What is the endocrine system?
The system for hormones and broadcasting signaling
What is the nervous system?
The system for point to point signaling in the brain, spine, spinal cord
What is the lymphatic system?
The system for lymph, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and immune system
What is the respiratory system?
The system for gas exchange and lungs
What is the digestive system?
The system for the breakdown of food and absorb of nutrients
What is the urinary system?
The system for fluid balance and waste in the kidneys and bladder
What is the reproductive system?
The system for sexual reproduction, uterus, testes, and ovaries
What is the circulatory system?
The combination of cardiovascular and lymphatic system
What is the excretory system?
The combination of the urinary and digestive system
What is the musculoskeletal system?
The combination of the skeletal and muscular systems
