Lecture 1: Speciation 02/05/24 Flashcards
What is speciation?
The process where one species breaks into 2 or more species
What is the biological species concept?
The concept that species can interbreed and produce offsprings that are viable and fertile
What is the morphological species concept?
The concept that characterizes species by their body shape and their structures.
What is the ecological species concept?
The concept that characterizes species by how they interact with their environment such as their diet and habitat.
What is the phylogenetic species concept?
The concept that characterizes species as the smallest group that shares a common ancestor.
What is reproductive isolation?
barriers that prevent gene flow between two species
What are pre-zygotic barriers?
Barriers that occur before making the zygote.
What are forms of pre-zygotic barriers?
Habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, and gametic isolation
What is habitat isolation?
Where two populations live in different habitats despite being the same species
What is temporal isolation?
When populations breed in different seasons(or time).
What is behavioral isolation?
When populations have different courtships, similar to bird mating rituals.
What is mechanical isolation?
When the reproductive parts of the species don’t align, similar to snails.
What is gametic isolation?
When the gametes of the populations don’t unite.
What are post zygotic barriers?
Barriers that occur after the zygote.
What are hybrid offspring?
The form of interspecies mating or cross between two populations.
What is hybrid inviability?
When the hybrid zygote fails to develop or survive
What is hybrid infertility?
When the hybrid is born, but the hybrid is sterile and cannot repopulate. This can be from different structure in DNA(chromosomes). In meiosis, the hybrid cannot produce functional gametes. Similar to mules that are sterile.
What is hybrid breakdown?
When the first gen hybrid from parent generation is viable and fertile but the following generations to come from first gen hybrid are sterile.
What is allopatric isolation?
When the environment is split or changes and forces the species to break apart and change.
What is sympatric speciation?
When the species share one environment and interbreed with other species to form new species
What is sexual selection?
When the mates are selected exclusively and are barriers that keep the gene pool separate. Similar to where fish choose mates based on similar look/color.
What is phylogeny?
The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
What are systematics?
Disciplines of classifying organisms and determine their evolutionary relationships.
What is taxonomy?
A discipline of classifying and naming organisms
What is binomial nomenclature?
A 2-part scientific naming system that was invented by Cardus Linnaeus and uses Latin.
What is hierarchical classification?
The grouping of organisms into categories.
What is the hierarchical system of humans?
Domain: eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order:Primata
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: Sapiens
What is cultivated crops?
When there is an initial display of hybrid vigor but then display hybrid breakdown
What is habitat differentiation?
When genetic factors enable a subpopulation to exploit habitat that were not used by the parent population
