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Biology 007 > Lecture 2: Speciation 02/07/24 > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Speciation 02/07/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

A branching diagram showing evolutionary history

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2
Q

What is cladistics?

A

Classifying organisms by inferring phylogeny from homologous characteristics

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3
Q

What is a clade?

A

A related group such as “dog group” or “cat group”

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4
Q

What is a shared ancestral character?

A

A character that originated from the ancestor

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5
Q

What is a shared derived character?

A

A new character derived from the clade

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6
Q

What are branch point?

A

The divergence of common ancestors

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7
Q

What are taxons?

A

The end of a branch

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8
Q

What are sister taxas?

A

The groups that share a common ancestor or the branch of the same species.

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9
Q

What is monophyletic?

A

A single tribe of ancestral species and contains ALL descendants

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10
Q

What is paraphyletic?

A

Aside from the tribe of ancestral species with SOME but NOT ALL descendants

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11
Q

What is polyphyletic?

A

Many tribes and groups DIFFERENT descendants

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12
Q

How can phylogeny be determined?

A

Morphology, genes, and biochemistry

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13
Q

What is homology?

A

Both phenotypic and genotypes similarities due to shared common ancestor

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14
Q

What are analogies?

A

Convergent evolution produced from stuctures with similar adaptations but different evolution origins.

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15
Q

What is plesiomorphy?

A

Ancestral trait shared between taxa/clade

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16
Q

What is apomorphy?

A

Derived homologous trait(new trait) unique to later taxons or clade. In short, new traits that are present in new descendants and are evolved/changed from the ancestors.

17
Q

What is homoplasy?

A

Analogous traits that evolved separately

18
Q

What is maximum passimony?

A

The simplest explanation that is consistent with facts

19
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Domain: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

20
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Kingdom: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Planti, and Animalia

21
Q

Determine DOMAIN/KINGDOM of Archaea

A

Domain: Archaea
Kingdom Monera: Prokaryote

22
Q

Determine DOMAIN/KINGDOM of Bacteria

A

Domain Bacteria
Kingdom Monera: Prokaryote

23
Q

Determine DOMAIN/KINGDOM of Eukarya

A

Domain Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Kingdom: Fungi
Kingdom: Planti
Kingdom: Animalia

24
Q

What is the order of the history of life?

A

Eon-> Era-> Period-> Epoch

Biology 007 (40 decks)

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