Lecture 2: History Of Life On Earth 02/07/24

Question 1

What is the order of life on Earth?

Answer 1

Eon -> Era -> Period -> Epoch

Question 2

What is the first order of life? What is formed/appear? Are there any Era’s or periods?

Answer 2

HADEON EON

-> Earth is formed
-> Moon is formed

Question 3

What is the second order of life? What came after the Hadeon Eon? What was formed?

Answer 3

ARCHAEAN EON

->First prokaryotes
-> first bacteria
-> archaea forms
-> fermentation occurs

->First Cyanobacteria
-> photosynthesis occurs

-> O2 in the atmosphere increases
->cellular respiration occurs

-> Mass extinction occurs

Question 4

What is the third order of life? What occurs after the Archaean Eon? Are there any periods of eras? What formed?

Answer 4

PROTEROZOIC EON

-> First eukaryote formed
-> First Protista formed

EDIACARAN PERIOD
-> The diversification and algae of soft bodied invertabrae
-> First porifera formed(sponges)
->first cnidaria formed (jellyfish)

Question 5

What is the fourth order of life? What came after the Proterozoic Eon? What formed? Name only the Eon.

Answer 5

PHANEROZOIC EON

Question 6

What are the three Eras in the Phanerozoic Eon? (Fourth order cont).

Answer 6

PALEOZOIC ERA
MEZOSOIC ERA
CENOZOIC ERA

Question 7

What is the order of life in the first Era in the Phanerozoic Eon? What is formed?

Answer 7

PALEOZOIC ERA

—CAMBRIAN PERIOD
->Cambrian explosion and increase in diversity of animal phyla
-> first platyhelminths (flatworms)
- > first nematoda (roundworms)
->first mollusca (squid/snails)
-> first annelida (roundworms)
-> first arthropoda (arthropods)
-> first echinodermata (sea urchins)
> first chordatas (animals with spines)
-> first agnatha (jawless fish)

—ORDOVICIAN PERIOD
-> Colonization of land
-> first fungi
-> first non-vascular plants

—SILURIAN PERIOD
-> fish evolve jaws to bite
-> first vascular plants (tall plants)
->first arthropods move to land
-> millipedes
-> arachnids

—DEVONIAN PERIOD
->Age of Fish
-> First chondrichthyes (sharks)
-> First osteichthyes (bony fish)

-> Age of Land
-> First insecta (insects)
-> first amphibia (amphibians)
-> first pteridophyta (true ferns)

—CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD
->Land
-> first gymnosperms (pine trees)
-> coniferophyta (conifers)
-> first reptilia (reptiles)

—PERMIAN PERIOD
->Pangea (super/single continent)
->Land
-> first cycadophyta (cycads)
-> first ginkgophyta (ginkgos)

Question 8

What is the order of life in the second Era of the Phanerozoic Eon? What is formed?

Answer 8

MESOZOIC ERA

—TRIASSIC PERIOD
-> archosaurs form (ancient crocodiles)
-> first theropods (first small carnivorous dinosaurs)
-> first mammalia

—JURASSIC PERIOD
->Dinosaurs are dominant
- > first sauropods (long neck herbivores)
-> evolution of theropods (large carnivores)
-> first pterosaurs (flying reptiles)

— CRETACEOUS PERIOD
-> first angiosperms (flowers)
-> first aves (birds)
-> Mass extinction where 50-90% of all species are extinct

Question 9

What is the order of life in the third era in the Phanerozoic Eon?

Answer 9

CENOZOIC ERA

—PALEOGENE PERIOD
-> adaptive radiation and diversification of new species in a new niche environment
->first primata (primates)

—NEOGENE PERIOD
-> first hominidae
-> first bipedal: human ancestor

— QUATERNARY PERIOD
—PLEISTOCENE EPOCH
-> first homo (humans)
-> Happening of the ice age
—HOLOCENE EPOCH
-> Modern history (present)

—ANTHROPOCENE EPOCH (N.O)
    -> first human impact (plastic in the environment)