Lecture 22 Flashcards
- _________ is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
- composition: ______ (95%), _______, _______, __________, _________ (phospholipid), and _________
- main component is _________
- bile
- water; bile salts; bilirubin; cholesterol; lecithin; proteins
- bile salts
- bile is produced in the ________ from the molecule ____________
- liver; cholesterol
- Bile salts are made from bile ______ that are often bonded to ________ or _______ to _______ water solubility (= ___________ bile acids)
- produced in the liver from ___________
- they aid in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of ______
- acids; glycine; taurine;increase conjugated
- cholesterol
- fats
The body’s ONLY way of eliminating excess cholesterol is through _______ excretion, with the help of ________
fecal; bile
- The percentage of bile salts that are lost in the feces= _____%
- bile salts are reclaimed in the _______ meaning they are transported back to the liver via the ________ ______ _____
- 20%
- ileum; hepatic portal vein
Lipid Emulsification
- bile salts in the duodenum BREAK DOWN fat globules into _________ fat droplets this _________ surface area in order to make the fat droplets available to ________ enzymes
- smaller; increases; lipase
- At a certain concentration bile salts aggregate into _______ that incorporate the ______ digestion products
- _________: aggregates of bile salt that forms a _______ outer shell and a ________ inner core
- micelles; lipid
- micelles; polar (hydrophilic); hydrophobic
- Micelles function as _______ for the absorption of lipids in the small intestine
- they encapsulate lipid digestion products, such as fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins, making them more _______ in water and facilitating their ________ across the intestinal lining for absorption into the _________
- carriers
- soluble; transport; bloodstream
____________________ digest triglycerides into components (________ + _________)
pancreatic lipases
- fatty acids (FAs)
- 2 monoglycerides
- Lipids need to be transported in the core of the micelles to the enterocytes because lipids are __________ molecules, while the watery environment of the small intestine is __________
- the core of the micelles are _________ which provides a protective environment for the lipids
- hydrophobic; hydrophilic
- hydrophobic
Three steps that occur in the intestine with fats before they are transported to the enterocytes
1.
2.
3.
- Emulsification
- Digestion
- Micelle formation
- The micelles diffuse across the water layer adjacent to the _________ surface
- micelles ______ to the plasma mb of _______ and the fatty acids and monoglycerides pass by _______ _______ into the cells
- they become _________ upon entering and are incorporated into ___________
- enterocyte
- attach;enterocyte; simple diffusion
- triglycerides; chylomicrons
__________: fatty, milk-white intestinal lymph formed from the small intestine during digestion
chyle
_________: large lipoprotein particles that transport dietary lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol, from the intestine to the liver
chylomicrons
Chylomicrons are TOO LARGE to penetrate the endothelium of _______ so they enter the _______ of the intestinal villi and are carried through the lymphatic system to the general circulation
bloodstream; lacteals
- Fat absorption occurs within the ______ _______
- Lipids are absorbed into the ________ ______ via _______ located in the villi
- small intestine
- lymphatic system; lacteals
____________: tiny droplets with a core of cholesterol and TGs and a coating of proteins and phospholipids
- serves as…
lipoproteins
- vehicle transporting lipids in the body
Lipoproteins are classified into 4 major categories by their _________:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- there is also an ___________ lipoprotein
density
1. Chylomicron
2. VLDL (very-low-density-lipoprotein)
3. LDL (low-density)
4. HDL (high density)
- IDL (intermediate density)
Among HDL, LDL, and VLDL which lipoprotein harbors the…
- highest concentration of cholesterol= ____________
- highest concentration of triglycerides= __________
- LDL
- VLDL
the higher the proportion of lipid to protein, the ________ the density
LOWER
_____________________: hydrolyze triglycerides present in circulating lipoproteins, such as __________ and _____, into free fatty acids and glycerol, which facilitates their uptake by various tissues for _______ production or ________
lipoprotein lipase; chylomicrons; VLDL; energy; storage
lipoprotein lipase is found in the ________ of ________ cells lining _________
surface; endothelial; capillaries
Chylomicrons carry TGs from small intestine to body’s cells
- _____________ in endothelial surface removes TGs and the chylomicron becomes ______________ which contain mostly _________ and some remaining TGs
- lipoprotein lipase; chylomicron remnant; cholesterol
The role of chylomicron remnant is to deliver dietary _________ and __________ to the ______ for further processing and metabolism
cholesterol; fat-soluble vitamins; liver
