Lecture 1 Flashcards
arteries= ________ from heart
veins= ________ the heart
away
towards
- Cardiovascular system=
- Circulatory system=
- heart and blood vessels
- heart, blood vessels, and the blood
The Pulmonary and Systemic Circuits:
________ side of the heart= ___________ circuit
- fully oxygenated blood arrives from lungs via _____________ _______
- blood sent to all ______ of the body via ______
______ side of the heart= ____________ circuit
- oxygen poor (deoxygenated) blood arrives from superior and inferior _______ ______
- blood sent to the lungs via ___________ ________
left= systemic
- pulmonary veins
- organs; aorta
right= pulmonary
- vena cava
- pulmonary trunk (artery)
Systemic circulation:
- ________ ventricle
- aorta (ascending, arch, descending)
- systemic capillaries
- ______ _______ (superior and inferior)
- _______ atrium
Pulmonary circulation:
- _______ ventricle
- pulmonary trunk to palm arteries
- pulmonary _________ (gas exchange)
- pulmonary veins
- _______ atrium
- left
- vena cava
- right
- right
- capillaries
- left
- Heart is located in ______________, between lungs
- _______= wide, superior portion of heat, large vessels attach here
- ______= tapered inferior end, tilts to the left
- at any age, heart is SIZE of ______
- mediastinum
- base
- apex
- fist
_____________= double-walled sac that encloses the heart
- allows heart to beat without ________, provides room to expand, yet resists excessive expansion.
- anchored to _________ inferiorly & _________ anteriorly
pericardium
- friction
- diaphragm; sternum
- _________ pericardium: outer wall, not attached to heart
- _________ pericardium: 2 layers
1. __________ layer: lines fibrous pericardium
2. ___________ layer: (epicardium) covering heart surface - ___________ ________: space between parietal and visceral layers, filled with ____ to ____ mL of _________ _________
- ____________ painful inflammation of the membranes
- fibrous
- serous
1. parietal
2. visceral - pericardial cavity; 5-30; pericardial fluid
- pericarditis
Heart wall has three layers: __________, ____________, and _____________
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
______________ (same as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium)
- serious membrane covering heart
- adipose in thick layer in some places
- coronary ________ _________ travel through this layer
epicardium
- blood vessels
_______________
- _________ inner lining of heart and blood vessels
- covers the ______ surfaces and is continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
endocardium
- smooth
- valve
____________
- layer of cardiac muscle proportional to _________
- muscle spirals which produces wringing motion, _______ of the heart
- makes up _________ _________ of the heart: framework of collagenous and elastic fibers
- provides structural support and attachment for cardiac muscle and anchor for valve tissue
- electrical insulation between atria and ventricles; important in timing and coordination of contractile activity
myocardium
- workload
- vortex
- fibrous skeleton
The four chambers of the heart:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- right atrium
- right ventricle
- left atrium
- left ventricle
Right and left ________
- two superior chambers
- receive blood returning to heart
- _________ (seen on surface) enlarge chambers
atria
- auricles
Right and left __________
- two inferior chambers
- pump blood into _________
ventricles
- arteries
- ______________: wall that separates atria
- ______________: muscular wall that separates ventricles
- interatrial septum
- interventricular septum
Structures seen from the inside
1.
2.
Structures seen from the outside
1.
2.
3.
- interatrial septum
- Interventricular septum
1 coronary sulcus
2 anterior interventricular sulcus
3 posterior interventricular sulcus
Valves ensure _____-______ flow of blood through the hear
- _________________ valves: control blood flow between atria and ventricles
- Right AV valve has ______ cusps (TV, __________)
- Left AV valve has _____ cusps (MV, ____________)
one-way
- atrioventricular (AV)
- 3; tricuspid valve
- 2; mitral valve
_____________________: tendinous cords connect AV valves to papillary muscles on floor of ventricles
- they prevent AV valves from _________ or ________ into atria when ventricles contract
Chordae Tendineae
- flipping; bulging
_____________ valves: control flow into great arteries; open and close because of __________ and ______________
- _____________________ valve: in opening between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
- _____________________ valve: in opening between left ventricle and aorta
semilunar; blood flow and pressure
- pulmonary semilunar
- aortic semilunar
Blood flow through the chambers
1. Blood enters right ______ from superior and inferior ______ _______
2. Blood in right _______ flows through right ______ valve (________ valve) into right _________
3. Contraction of right _________ forces pulmonary valve to open
4. Blood flows through pulmonary valve to ____________ ________
5. Blood is distributed by right and left pulmonary _________ to the ______, where it unloads CO2 and loads _______
6. Blood returns from _______ via pulmonary _______ to left ________
7. Blood in left _______ flows through left _____ valve into left ____________
8. Contraction of left ventricle forces _________ valve to open
9. Blood flows through _______ valve into __________ ________
10. Blood in aorta is distributed to every _______ in the body, where it unloads O2 and loads _____
11. Blood returns to right ______ via ______ _______
- atrium; venae cavae
- atrium; AV (tricuspid); ventricle
- ventricle
- pulmonary trunk
- arteries; lungs; O2
- lungs; veins; atrium
- atrium; AV; ventricle
- aortic
- aortic; ascending aorta
- organ; CO2
- atrium; venae cavae
The heart needs oxygen to sustain its workload
- ____% of blood pumped by heart is pumped to the heart itself through the ________ ___________
5%; coronary circulation
_________________: chest pain from _________ obstruction of coronary blood flow
angina pectoris; partial
____________ ____________: sudden death of a patch of ____________ resulting from ______-_______ obstruction of coronary circulation
- aka “_________ __________”
- responsible for about ___% of all deaths in the U.S
Myocardial infarction (MI); myocardium long-term
- heart attack
- 27%
