Lecture 2 (Male Reproductive System)

Question 1

Embryological start

Answer 1

1st trimester
Embryonic yolk sac produces germ cells
Travel up umbilical cord, go to tissues to form testes in the abdomen

Question 2

Descent of Testes

Answer 2

Start high in the abdomen
But descend because it is too warm through the inguinal cancal and into the cooler scrotum, dragging duct and blood vessels
This happens within the 1st year after birth up until 2 years

Question 3

Undescended testes

Answer 3

remain in the abdomen

Incr risk of sterility and incr risk of testicular cancer related to high temperatures

Question 4

Testical

Answer 4

1 billion sperm in life time
Surronded by the scrotum
Epidydmis in the back
Bigger than women's ovary
Male menopause = decrease in sperm count

Question 5

Seminiferous Tubules

Answer 5

3 Coiled tubules inside the testes where sperm is made 20 feet long

Question 6

Interstitial cells of leydig

Answer 6

Produce testosterone

Undescended testical still make testosterone

Question 7

Spermatogonia cells

Answer 7

Rest on a basement membrane
Do nothing until puberty
Spermatocytes -> primary then secondary spermatocytes -> spermatids -> embed in sertoli cells
Travels down the seminiferous tubles to epidydmis for storage and completes spermatogenesis

Question 8

Spermatogenesis

Answer 8

Takes 64 - 72 days

Close to timing of ova devo if the ovaries alternate during the cyctles

Question 9

Acrosomel cap

Answer 9

Tip of the sperm

Enzymes needed to get through the egg

Question 10

Flagella

Answer 10

Tail of the spermatozoa

Question 11

Ductus (Vas) deferns

Answer 11

Thought to orginally be an artery from the testes

Just carries sperm from the epididymis

Question 12

Vasetomy

Answer 12

Back of the scrotom is opened
Ductus deferens is tied off in two places and then snipped on both sides,
1% decline in volume of ejaculates
99% is semen

Question 13

Testicular Arteries

Answer 13

Carried as the testes descend making these arteries very long
Start around the renal area only in males
left testicle is lower than the right

Question 14

Semen

Answer 14

Helps nourish sperm in the female reproductive system (a little acidic)
Produced in two spots
Seminal vesicles and prostate gland

Question 15

Semial Vesicles

Answer 15

Semen
High in fructose,
Help sperm live, up to 5 days

Question 16

Prostate Gland

Answer 16

Semen
No fructose, very alkaline pH
Sometimes vagina = acidic (Protects against infection)
Lowers the pH

Question 17

Prostate Specific Antigen

Answer 17

Specific protein
PSA level was high = cancer
Really PSA high level = big prostate
Is found in breast milk

Question 18

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Answer 18

increase sizeof prostae, product of aging
80% of men over 80 yrs have it = normal
May be caused by lower lvls of testosterone

Question 19

Prostate Cancer

Answer 19

50% of men over 50yrs have prostate cancer, Frequently never leaves
Risk of removal may damage to nerves risk to erection and ejaculation

Question 20

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 20

Produces precum before ejacultion
Will flush out penile urethra
Flush out acidic urine
Lubrication to the head of the penis

Question 21

Reverse Ejaculation

Answer 21

If urethra is closed off during ejaculation, sperm in the urinary bladder

Question 22

Pampiniform plexus of veins

Answer 22

cools arterial blood

Question 23

Erection

Answer 23

Arterial blood fills the corpus cavernosa

Question 24

Testicular Cancer Problems

Answer 24

Agressive cancer that will enter veins and lymphatics and travel throughout the body,
Killer of young men

Question 25

Removal of one testical

Answer 25

No testosterone drop or decreased ejaculation volume, pregnancy still possible

Question 26

Alcohol and steroids

Answer 26

Seminiferious tubules and leydic cells decr when steroids are used,
Decrease sperm
Seminiferious tubules atrophy when there is no leydic cells
starts to look like a rasin

Question 27

Male menopause

Answer 27

Testosterone (decr a little)
Sperm count (Decr a little)
Still fertile

Question 28

Penile Warts

Answer 28

On the head of the penis
viral infection
Only option is surgery

Question 29

Human papillomavirus

Answer 29

Incr risk of penile cancer

Question 30

Genital herpes

Answer 30

Most common STI
Once you get this you have it for life
Deal with relapse

Question 31

Circumsion

Answer 31

Decr infection decr penile cancer