Lecture 1 (Urinary System)

Question 1

Function

Answer 1

Removes excess, water, salt,

Adjusts pH and blood pressure (Sifig role)

Question 2

Development

Answer 2

Made of Mesoderm
Kidney appear in the 3rd week
Appears in 3 different spots
By the 5th week it is in the pelvis which then rises along the back until the left hits the liver and left hits the spleen
Originally has 3 lobes that are not apparent in the adults except for the 3 sets of arteries

Question 3

Pronephos

Answer 3

Kidney appears in the neck (3rd week)

Question 4

Mesonephros

Answer 4

Kidney appears in the chest (4th week)

Question 5

Metanephros

Answer 5

Kindey Appears in the pelvis (5th week)

Question 6

Renal Hilus

Answer 6

Medial border, where everything leaves the kidney

Question 7

Perennial Fat

Answer 7

Help with shock and trauma of the kidney

Question 8

Kidney Transplant

Answer 8

New kidney is not placed in the back
Kidney is placed in the the pelvis right next to the urinary bladder
External illac artery and vein
And ureter into the urinary bladder

Question 9

Ectopic Kidney

Answer 9

Out place

Ectopic pelvic kidney - remained in the pelvis (Functions normally)

Question 10

Abnormal shaped kidneys

Answer 10

Horse-shoe
Merged kiney
Lumpy kidney and multiple ureters per kidneys

Question 11

The corex

Answer 11

Deep red, full of blood, where blood is filtered

20 to 25% of blood travels to the kidney to be filtered

Question 12

The medulla

Answer 12

Less blood, the “plumbing” where urine travels

Question 13

Kidney and Cancer

Answer 13

Easy area for metastasis
Primary tumor: in the kidney
Secondary: anywhere else,
A common to place to check after metastasis has occured

Question 14

Nephron

Answer 14

1 Million in each kidney

Question 15

Parts of the Nephron

Answer 15

Glomerulus -> proximal convoluted tubule -> loop of henle -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting ducts

Question 16

Nephron Blood Supply

Answer 16

Abdominal aorta -> renal Artery -> interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries -> interlobular arteries -> afferent arterioles -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular arterioles (by the proximal convoluted tuble) -> vasa recta (parallel to loop of henle) interlobular veins -> arcuate veins -> interlobar veins -> renal veins -> inferior vena cava

Question 17

Juxaglomerual cells

Answer 17

Helps control blood pressure

High blood pressure = kidney disease or damaged kidney = heart disease

Question 18

Kidney disease indicators

Answer 18

Blood test: See if waste products are in the blood = kidney disease

Question 19

Pyelograms

Answer 19

X-rays of the kidneys

Used to check for infection, blood, tumor

Question 20

Intervenous pyelograms

Answer 20

Dye into the medial cubital vein travels to the kidney

Question 21

Retrograde pyelogram

Answer 21

Reverse thin tybe through the ureters put dye in

Question 22

Arterial pyelogram

Answer 22

Through ateries, catheter to femoral artery to the aorta

Question 23

Tuberculosis in the kidney

Answer 23

Tuberculosis can enter the blood, can live in the kidney for years

Question 24

Nephritis

Answer 24

Inflammation of the kidney = blood int he urine

Question 25

Diabetes mellitus

Answer 25

Sugar cause, not enough insulin kindey disease is common = kidney faliure

Question 26

Diabetes inspidis

Answer 26

Pituitary hormone at an abnormal level

Vast volumes of urine produced = diluted = major water

Question 27

Dialysis

Answer 27

Treatment for kidney disease
Machine filters blood through air filter, semi permeable membrane
2 or 3 times a weak
Dialuized -> verb

Question 28

Renal transplant

Answer 28

Much, never have dialysis again
Not enough donors
Through the belly button now

Question 29

Kidney Stones

Answer 29

Urine can crystalize, calcium or uric acid, gout
Can move: small stones into the urinary bladder, stuck in the ureter
This is severe pain and has to be cruched

Question 30

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI’s)

Answer 30

More common in women than men
Skin to the urethra into the urinary bladder to kidneys
Drink sufficent water
Cranberry juice can adjust pH and control infection

Question 31

Cancer of urinary bladder

Answer 31

Not common

Smoking tobacco increases the risk of kidney and urinary bladder cancer

Question 32

Urethra

Answer 32

Internal Sphincter - smooth muscle close to base of urinary bladder
External sphincter - Skeletal muscle

Question 33

Water Consumption

Answer 33

need about 2 to 3 liters a day
Need lots of water for weight losse
Proper urination (start stop, start stop, flow)